Pastoralists in the news:

http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/RWB.NSF/db900SID/VBOL-69NDSL?OpenDocument

Pastoral groups

Ecological niche:

high altitude

semi-arid

grasslands

Extensive land users

cattle, horses, donkeys, camels, sheep, goats, caribou, yak, dzo, reindeer, llama, alpaca ....and bison?

Evolutionary scale:

came out of horticulture, pre-agriculture

evolved along side of agriculture

trade with agriculturalists

Fences [Great Wall of China]

Nomadic or practice Transhumance

pastoral personality = patriarchal, patrilineal, patrilocal, polygnous and independent!

Does this describe the Sami?

Agriculture

INTENSIVE

5 technologies (only need 1 to be ag)

intentional use of fertilizers
terraces
draft animal
plow
irrigation

NOTE: WE ARE NOT TALKING ABOUT INDUSTRIALIZED AGRICULTURE HERE---NO FOSSIL FUELS FOR ENERGY

Correlates of ag:

sedentary
land ownership
dense population (includes cities)
money
social stratification

specialization of labor
sustained warfare (career soldiers)
QOL decreases

"The Law of Cultural Dominance" Sahlins & Service

Peasants

intensive ag
linked to a city
egalitarian within; low status vis. those from cities
high value on self-sufficiency
high value on family
high value on community

Saraguros www.saraguro.org

agropastoralists = Dual Strategy
verticality
tambo - mita (mitayos) from Inca through colonial period to Ecuadorian republic (until 1940 when the road came through)
mingas (community work parties)

 

LADAKH in NORTHERN INDIA -- Tibetan Buddhists

Pisacocas -- Bolivia & Peru