Practice Questions for Exam 1.

 1. Which of the following trees depicts the same relationship among species as shown below? 

A)

B)

C)

D)  None; the above trees all depict a different relationship among species. 

2.  Some beetles and flies have antler-like structures on their heads, much like male deer do. The existence of antlers in beetle, fly, and deer species with strong male-male competition is an example of ________.

A) Convergent evolution.

B) Parsimony. 

C) A synapomorphy.

D) Homology. 

3.  You find an unknown animal on the beach and think that it may be a sponge.  After examining it in the laboratory you come up with a list of its characteristics.  Which of the characteristic would make you decide it wasn’t a sponge?

A)  it was multicellular

B)  it reproduced sexually 

C)  its cells had cell membranes

D)  it could survive in seawater

E)  its body was diploblastic. 

 4.  Freshwater fish are ________ to their environment, so they tend to _________ electrolytes.

A) hypertonic, gain

B) hypotonic, gain

C) hypertonic, lose

D) hypotonic, lose

E)  Isotonic, retain 

5.  What role do chloride cells play in osmoregulation of marine bony fish (not sharks)?

A)  They excrete salt from the gills. 

B)  They actively transport salt across out of the rectal gland. 

C)  They move seawater across the gill filaments. 

D)  They actively transport chloride into the gills.

E)  No role

6.  Water loss through an insect’s body surface is minimized due to which of the following structures?

A) the presence of a waxy cuticle 

B) a small surface area/volume relationship 

C) a proteinaceous epidermis 

D) tracheae and spiracles 

7.  Which of the following characteristics makes animals unique among living organisms?

a. Alternation of generations

b. Presence of cell walls

c. Presence of muscle and nervous tissue

d. Asexual reproduction

e. Multicellularity

8. Which trait is not used to study the phylogeny of different animal groups?

a. Presence of a nucleus

b. Number of embryonic tissue layers

c. Pattern of embryonic development

d. Type of body symmetry

e. The appearance of body segmentation

9. Which statement about body cavities in animals is true?

a. Coelomates have a body cavity that forms in the mesoderm layer during embryonic development.

b. Pseudocoelomates, which include the flatworms (Platyhelminthes), and have a body cavity that is only partially lined with mesoderm.

c. Acoelomates have two embryonic tissue layers and do not have a body cavity.

d. Body cavities are used to store digestive waste.

10.  According to the figure below, what event happened after the coelomates split into the protostomes and the deuterostomes?

a. Appearance of of bilateral symmetry

b. Appearance of of triploblastic animals

c. Appearance of of a coelom

d. Cephalization

e. Development of segmentation

11. Human egg development is

a. Viviparous

b. Ovoviviparous

c. Oviparous

d. Outrageous

12. Biologists have proposed that the closest living relatives to sponges are a group of protists called the choanoflagellates. Observing the figure, which of the following is not a characteristic shared by the most complex choanoflagellates and the simplest sponge?

a. They are both sessile.

b. They both use intracellular digestion

c. They are both lack true tissues

d. They are both composed of flagellated cells.

e. They are both multicellular

13.  Which type of tissue consists of cells that are tightly packed with very little extracellular matrix?

a. Muscle

b. Nervous

c. Connective

d. Epithelial

14.  Consider several objects that are heated and then allowed to cool. Which object would cool at the fastest rate?

a. An object with a surface area of 20 cm² and a volume of 10 cm³

b. An object with a surface area of 40 cm² and a volume of 30 cm³

c. An object with a surface area of 8 cm² and a volume of 2 cm³

d. An object with a surface area of 10 cm² and a volume of 30 cm³

e. An object with a surface areas 30 cm² and a volume of 50 cm³?

15.  Researchers conducted experiments to explore how gas exchange occurs in Atlantic salmon at various stages of life and found that the percentage of oxygen uptake by the gills increases as the organism grows. Which of the following statements could explain this?

a. The gills provide a much lower surface area-to-volume ratio, so that gas transfer becomes more efficient as the organism gets larger.

b. The surface area of the skin is much larger than the surface area of the gills.

c. As the organism grows, the skin surface area decreases in relation to its volume (the surface area-to-volume ratio drops). To avoid suffocation, gills must take over the bulk of the gas exchange activity.

d. As the organism grows, the skin surface area increases in relation to its volume (the surface area-to-volume ratio increases). To avoid suffocation, gills must take over the bulk of the gas exchange activity.

16.  A women standing outside on a cool, calm evening is losing heat primarily by:

A. radiation

B. convection

D. conduction

E. evaporation

17.  Which action is an example of negative feedback?

a. The arrival of platelets at a wound site stimulates the recruitment of more platelets to form a clot.

b. A person who loses 3 pounds continues to diet to lose an additional 10 pounds.

c. The hypothalamus senses body temperature rising and sends a signal to initiate vasodilation

d. Once you begin to cough, throat irritation increases and your coughing intensifies

18.  Which statement accurately describes the role of Na+/K+-ATPase in the shark rectal gland?

a. Na+/K+-ATPase is localized in the apical membrane of the lumen cells and pumps Na+ into the lumen of the rectal gland.

b. Na+/K+-ATPase is localized in the apical membrane of the lumen cells and pumps Na+ into the blood.

c. Na+/K+-ATPase is localized in the basolateral membrane and pumps Na+ into the interstitial fluid.

d. Na+/K+-ATPase is localized in the basolateral membrane of the lumen cells and pumps Na+ out of the interstitial fluid and into the lumen cells.

19.  The final osmolarity of the urine your body releases is adjusted in the__________..

A. Collecting duct

B. ascending loop of Henle

C. glomerulus

D. proximal tubule

E. Distal tubule

20.  Which of the following statements best describes the actions of the hormone aldosterone on the nephron?

a.  causes distal tubule to increase Na+ reabsorption when Na+ levels in the blood are low.

b. causes the collecting duct to increase water reabsorption

c. causes the loop of Henle to increase urea reabsorption under conditions of dehydration.

d. causes the proximal tubule to increase glucose reabsorption when the body's energy needs are high.

ANSWERS:

1 - A

2 - A

3 - E

4 - C

5 - A

6 - A

7 - C

8 - A

9 - A

10 - E

11 - A

12 - E

13 - D

14 - C

15 - C

16 - A

17 - C

18 - C

19 - A

20 - A