Corrections and Delinquency

Sociology 3315
Department of Sociology and Anthropology
UMD DISPOSITIONS

CATEGORIES OF DISPOSITIONS

COMMUNITY RELEASE
OUT-OF-HOME PLACEMENTS
FINES OR RESTITUTION
COMMUNITY SERVICE
INSTITUTIONALIZATION

CORRECTIONS

1. WHO GETS INCARCERATED?

1880-1900 LESS THAN 15% WERE MINORITIES

1930s 1/4; 1970 40%; 1982 53%

(AT SAME TIME ONLY 1/3 OF POPULATIONS IN PRIVATE FACILITIES WERE NON WHITE

FROM 1979-1982 POPULATION OF INSTITUTIONS ROSE 6,178; 93% WERE MINORITY

2. DECARCERATION MOVEMENT

STATUS OFFENSES

YET POPULATIONS ROSE 12.4% FROM 85-87

CURRENTLY ABOUT 50% OF TOTAL JUVENILE POPULATION IS IN SECURE FACILITIES

SOME STATES INCARCERATE MORE THAN OTHERS

A. MASSACHUSETTS, WEST VIRGINIA, CONNECTICUT LESS THAN 50 PER 100,000

B. CALIFORNIA 384 PER 100,000; 14 STATES PLACE OVER 200 PER 100,000

EXAMPLES OF INSTITUTIONS

A. JAILS

1986 93% OF JUVENILE COURT JURISDICTIONS HAVE NO ALTERNATIVE FOR DETENTION, 92,856

JAILED YOUTH HAVE 8 TIMES GREATER SUICIDE RATE THAN GENERAL POPULATION

B. DETENTION CENTERS; 1985 13,058

C. SHELTERS

FOR STATUS OFFENDERS, DEPENDENT, NEGLECTED

D. RANCHES, FORESTRY CAMPS, FARMS

E. TRAINING SCHOOLS

DEINSTITUTIONALIZATION IN 1970s, USED MORE TODAY THAN IN MID 1970s, 18% ARE OVER POPULATED

COMMUNITY BASED CORRECTIONS

I. PROBATION REMAINS #1

A. ABOUT 400,000 YOUTHS

IN 34 STATES UNDER CONTROL OF JUVENILE COURT

5 STATES - DEPT. OF CORRECTIONS

B. THREE DUTIES

1. INTAKE

2. INVESTIGATION

3. SUPERVISION

C. CONDITIONS OF PROBATION

RESTITUTION, COMMUNITY SERVICE, SCHOOL ATTENDANCE, DRUG PROGRAMS, AVOID DELINQUENT PEERS, NO WEAPONS, NO AUTOMOBILES, ETC.

D. LENGTH OF TIME VARIES BY STATE, AGE OF MAJORITY IN SOME STATES, COULD BE 16, 18, 21

E. CHANGING ROLES

COUNSELORS

1970s RESOURCE MANAGERS

1980s LOGICAL CONSEQUENCES MODEL

1990s INTENSIVE SUPERVISION

RESTITUTION

GROWTH IN 1970s AND 1980s

IN 1977 FEWER THAN 15 FORMAL PROGRAMS

1985 400 KNOWN PROGRAMS

35 STATES LIST IN STATUTES

BY 1990 ALL 50 STATES HAVE STATUTORY RESTITUTION PROGRAMS

RESIDENTIAL

FOSTER CARE, GROUP HOMES, DAY TREATMENT, WILDERNESS PROGRAMS, PSYCHIATRIC SERVICES

CONCERNS:

1. WIDENING THE NET

2. HIDDEN SOCIAL CONTROL

USE OF HOSPITALS

1980 16,735; 1985 MORE THAN 30,000

IN MINNEAPOLIS AND ST PAUL

1977 88 IN 100,000

1985 199 IN 100,000

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