National Crime Survey

*WOMEN AGE 19 TO 29 AND FROM FAMILIES WITH INCOMES BELOW $10,000 WERE MORE LIKELY TO BE VICTIMS OF VIOLENCE BY AN INTIMATE.

* VICTIMIZATION RATE OF WOMEN SEPARATED FROM HUSBANDS ABOUT 3 TIMES HIGHER THAN DIVORCED WOMEN AND ABOUT 25 TIMES HIGHER THAN MARRIED WOMEN.

*MORE OFTEN INJURED BY THE VIOLENCE OF AN INTIMATE THAN FEMALES VICTIMIZED BY A STRANGER.

THE LOWEST PERCENTAGES OF MULTIPLE OFFENDERS OCCURRED FOR RAPE OR SEXUAL ASSAULTS (10%)

LITTLE VARIATION BETWEEN WOMEN LIVING IN URBAN, SUBURBAN, AND RURAL LOCATIONS IN EXPERIENCING VIOLENCE BY INTIMATES.

URBAN WOMEN WERE MORE THAN SUBURBAN OR RURAL WOMEN EXPERIENCED VIOLENCE BY STRANGERS.

SEXUAL ASSAULTS OTHER THAN RAPE WERE NOT MEASURED IN THE EARLIER VICTIMIZATION SURVEY.

VICTIMIZATIONS NOT INVOLVING COMPLETED OR ATTEMPTED SEXUAL INTERCOURSE BUT HAVING SOME FORM OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR FORCED ON THE VICTIM WERE CATEGORIZED AS SEXUAL ASSAULT. E.G. GRABBING OR FONDLING THE VICTIM.

SEXUAL ASSAULTS ALSO INCLUDED INCIDENTS IN WHICH THE OFFENDER'S MOTIVE WAS NOT CLEAR. VICTIM COULD NOT OR WOULD NOT SAY IT WAS RAPE OR ATTEMPTED RAPE

1. THE ESTIMATED NUMBER OF RAPES FOR 1990 WAS ABOUT 130,260;
   62,830 COMPLETED
   67,430 ATTEMPTED
   THIS WAS ABOUT .4% OF ALL CRIME
   THIS IS MORE THAN THE UCR
   
   
2. ESTIMATED NUMBER FOR RAPE AND SEXUAL ASSAULT IN 2001 (INCLUDING MALES) WAS ABOUT 248,250
   
   
3. VICTIMS BELIEVED ASSAILANTS WERE UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF DRUGS OR ALCOHOL;
   ABOUT 31.6% (1999)
   
   
4. NUMBER AND RATE PER 1,000
   HAS DECREASED SINCE 1979
   
   % CHANGE IN RATES PER 1000
   1973-1990 = -32.5 1980-1990 = -31.8
   1987-1990 = -14.6
   
   
   
5. RATE BY RESIDENCE (PER 1,000) (all data is 1999 unless otherwise stated)
   CITY = 2.3 SUBURBAN = 1.6
   RURAL = 1.3
   
   
6. OVERALL RATE IN 2001 1.1 PER 1000
   
   
7. TIME
   6 PM TO MIDNIGHT - 4.6
   MIDNIGHT TO 6 AM - 23.9
   
   
8. LOCATION
   AT OR IN HOME OF RESPONDENT
   26.6%
   Stranger 14.8
   NonStranger 32.7
   
   ON STREET NEAR HOME
   .9%
   NonStranger 1.4
   
   AT OR NEAR FRIEND'S, RELATIVE'S OR NEIGHBOR'S HOME
   33.6%
   Stranger 23.3
   NonStranger 39.1
   
   INSIDE RESTAURANT, BAR OR NIGHTCLUB
   2.3%
   Stranger 4.3
   NonStranger 1.3
   
   OTHER COMMERCIAL BUILDING
   7.1%
   Stranger 7.7
   NonStranger 6.7
   
   PARKING LOT OR GARAGE
   3.9%
   Stranger 9.3
   NonStranger 1.2
   
   ON STREET NOT NEAR HOME OR FRIEND'S HOME
   17.2%
   Stranger 32.3
   NonStranger 1.7
   
   ON PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION
   .9%
   Stranger 1.8
   
   IN SCHOOL BUILDING/ ON SCHOOL PROPERTY 5.2%
   Stranger 2.2
   NonStranger 6.7
   
   
9. % REPORTING TO POLICE
   COMPLETED - 37.5 YES; 62.5 NO
   ATTEMPTED - 20.8 YES; 79.2 NO
   Stranger Rape - 41.3% of victims reported to police
   NonStranger Rape - 27.2 of the victims reported to police
   
   
10. %REPORTING IN 2000 WAS 48.1% AND IN 2001 38.6%
    
    
11. REASONS FOR NOT REPORTING
    OFFENDER UNSUCCESSFUL 2.6
    
    PRIVATE OR PERSONAL MATTER 40.3
    
    REPORTED TO ANOTHER OFFICIAL 4.4
    
    LACK OF PROOF 2.6
    
    POLICE WOULD NOT WANT TO BE BOTHERED 2.9 (down from 11.2 in 1990)
    
    POLICE WOULD BE INEFFICIENT, INEFFECTIVE, OR BIASED 0,0 (down from 10.4 in 1990)
    
    FEAR OF REPRISAL 12.4 (up from 7.6 in 1990)
    NOT IMPORTANT ENOUGH 1.7
    TIME CONSUMMING OR INCONVENENT 2.9
    
    
12. VICTIMIZATION BY AGE
    

    12-15	16-19	20-24	25-34	35-49	50-64	65 & OVER
    1.7	3.4	2.4	1.1	1.0	0.2	0.1

    
    
    
13. REPORTED TO POLICE BY AGE (1999)
    12-19 - 24.9% YES
    20-34 - 28.5%
    35-49 - 35.6
    50-64 - 55.3%
    
    
14. RATE PER 1,000 IN EACH AGE GROUP BY RACE
    

    AGE	RACE	PERCENT PER 1000
    12-15	WHITE BLACK	3.1 9.3
    16-19	WHITE BLACK	7.3 5.1
    20-24	WHITE BLACK	4.2 3.9
    25-34	WHITE BLACK	1.8 2.1

    
    
    
    STRANGER RAPES WERE LESS LIKELY TO BE COMPLETED
    
    NONSTRANGER RAPES WERE MORE LIKELY TO BE COMPLETED
    
    

    THE NUMBER OF RAPES AND THE RATES HAVE DECREASED SUBSTANTIALLY FOR WHITE WOMEN 125,700 RAPES IN 1973 TO 83,420 IN 1988)

    THE NUMBER OF RAPES AGAINST BLACK WOMEN HAS INCREASED ALTHOUGH THE RATE HAS REMAINED THE SAME (24,900 RAPES IN 1973 TO 32, 360 RAPES IN 1988; 2.6 PER 1000)

    A LARGE % OF WOMEN REPORTED USING SOME SORT OF PROTECTIVE MEASURE, 85.3% OF THE TIME
    
    51.9% SAID SELF-PROTECTION CLEARLY HELPED
    10.5% SAID SELF-PROTECTION CLEARLY HURT
    
    
    LONE OFFENDER CASES
    AGE = 5.1% WERE 12-14;
    8.2% WERE 15-17 15.5% WERE 18-20 31.9% WERE 21-29
    28.8% WERE 30 AND OVER
    
    RACE = 61.6% WHITE
    20.7% BLACK
    
    SEX = 94.6% MALE
    5.4% FEMALE
    
    
    MULTIPLE OFFENDER CASES
    AGE = 12-20 = 77.6%
    21-29 = 0.0
    30-AND OVER = 0.0
    MIXED AGES = 10.1
    
    RACE = WHITE = 56.3%
    BLACK = 17.9%
    NOT KNOWN = 26.7%
    
    SEX = 100% (89.8% MALE AND 10.2% MALE AND FEMALE IN 1990)
    
    
    

    MORE LIKELY TO REPORT RAPE OR SEXUAL ASSAULT BY FRIENDS OR ACQUAINTANCES THAN BY INTIMATES, RELATIVES, OR STRANGERS.

    FRIENDS AND ACQUAINTANCES COMMITTED ABOUT 55% OF ALL RAPES AND SEXUAL ASSAULTS.
    
    

    ALTOGETHER, ABOUT 65.9 OF ALL RAPES AND SEXUAL ASSAULTS COMMITTED BY SOMEONE THE VICTIM KNEW

    IN 90.4% OF THE CASES NO WEAPON WAS USED
    
    

    FOR 2001 30% OF RAPES AND SEXUAL ASSAULTS OF WOMEN WERE BY STRANGERS
    
    17% BY AND INTIMATE
    
    2% BY OTHER RELATIVE
    
    46% BY FRIEND OR ACQUAINTANCE
    
    WEAPONS WERE PRESENCE (2001) 7% OF THE TIME
    
    KNIFES WERE MOST COMMON THEN GUNS
    
    

    TRENDS PER 1000 FOR RAPE AND ATTEMPTED RAPE
    
    

    			1973 = 2.5	1974 = 2.6	1975 = 2.4	1976 = 2.2	1977 = 2.3	1978 = 2.6	1979 = 2.8
    1980 = 2.5	1981 = 2.5	1982 = 2.1	1983 = 2.1	1984 =2.5	1985 = 1.9	1986 = 1.7	1987 = 2.0	1988 = 1.7	1989 = 1.8
    1990 = 1.7	1991 = 2.2	1992 = 1.8	1993 = 1.6	1994 = 1.4	1995 = 1.2	1996 = 0.9	1997 = 0.9	1998 = 0.9	1999 = 0.9
    2000 = 0.6	2001 = 0.6	2002 = 0.7

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    DEFINITION OF RELATIONSHIP
    
    

    INTIMATES: INCLUDES SPOUSES OR EX-SPOUSES, BOYFRIENDS AND GIRLFRIENDS, OR EX-BOYFRIENDS AND EX-GIRLFRIENDS.
    
    

    OTHER RELATIVES: PARENTS OR STEP-PARENTS, CHILDREN OR STEP-CHILDREN, BROTHERS OR SISTERS, OR SOME OTHER RELATIVE.
    
    

    FRIENDS/ACQUAINTANCES: FRIENDS OR FORMER FRIENDS, ROOMMATES OR BOARDERS, SCHOOLMATES, NEIGHBORS, SOMEONE AT WORK, OR SOME OTHER KNOWN NONRELATIVE.
    
    

    STRANGERS: ANYONE NOT KNOWN PREVIOUSLY BY THE VICTIM.
    
    
    
    
    
    

    DEFINITIONS OF VIOLENT CRIMES
    
    

    RAPE: CARNAL KNOWLEDGE THROUGH THE USE OF FORCE OR THREAT OF FORCE, INCLUDING ATTEMPTS; ATTEMPTED RAPE MAY CONSIST OF VERBAL THREATS OF RAPE. IT INCLUDES MALE AS WELL AS FEMALE VICTIMS.
    
    

    THE DEFINITION FROM THE NCVS INTERVIEWER'S MANUAL IS: "RAPE IS FORCED SEXUAL INTERCOURSE AND INCLUDES BOTH PSYCHOLOGICAL COERCION AS WELL AS PHYSICAL FORCE. FORCED SEXUAL INTERCOURSE MEANS VAGINAL, ANAL OR ORAL PENETRATION BY THE OFFENDER(S). THIS CATEGORY ALSO INCLUDES INCIDENTS WHERE THE PENETRATION IS FROM A FOREIGN OBJECT SUCH AS A BOTTLE."
    
    

    SEXUAL ASSAULT: A WIDE RANGE OF VICTIMIZATIONS, SEPARATE FROM RAPE OR ATTEMPTED RAPE. THESE CRIMES INCLUDE ATTACKS OR ATTEMPTED ATTACKS GENERALLY INVOLVING (UNWANTED) SEXUAL CONTACT BETWEEN VICTIM AND OFFENDER. SEXUAL ASSAULTS MAY OR MAY NOT INVOLVE FORCE AND INCLUDE SUCH THINGS AS GRABBING OR FONDLING. SEXUAL ASSAULT ALSO INCLUDES VERBAL THREATS.
    
    
    
    

    Appendix: Comparison of new and old screener questions
    
    

    Screener questions for violent crimes
    
    

    New (beginning January 1992)
    
    

    1. Has anyone attacked or threatened you in any of these ways--

    a. With any weapon, for instance, a gun or knife--

    b. With anything like a baseball bat, frying pan,

    scissors, or stick--

    c. By something thrown, such as a rock or bottle--

    d. Include any grabbing, punching, or choking,

    e. Any rape, attempted rape or other type of

    sexual assault--

    f. Any face to face threats--

    OR

    g. Any attack or threat or use of force by anyone at all?

    Please mention it even if you were not certain it was a crime.
    
    

    2. Incidents involving forced or unwanted sexual acts were

    often difficult to talk about. Have you been forced or coerced to engage

    in unwanted sexual activity by--
    
    

    a. someone you didn't know before
    
    

    b. a casual acquaintance OR
    
    

    c. someone you know well.
    
    

    Old (1972-92*)

    1. Did anyone take something directly from you by using force, such as

    by a stickup, mugging or threat?
    
    

    2. Did anyone TRY to rob you by using force or threatening to harm

    you?
    
    

    3. Did anyone beat you up, attack you or hit you with something, such

    as a rock or bottle?
    
    

    4. Were you knifed, shot at, or attacked with some other weapon

    by anyone at all?
    
    

    5. Did anyone THREATEN to beat you up or THREATEN you with a

    knife, gun, or some other weapon, NOT including telephone

    threats?
    
    

    6. Did anyone TRY to attack you in some other way?
    
    
    
    

    *During 1992 half of the sampled households responded

    to the old questionnaire, and half, to the redesigned survey.

    
    
    

    Screener questions for all types of crimes
    
    

    New
    
    

    1. Were you attacked or threatened OR did you have

    something stolen from you--
    
    

    a. At home including the porch or yard--
    
    

    b. At or near a friend's relative's, or neighbor's home--
    
    

    c. At work or school--
    
    

    d. In place such as a storage shed or laundry room, a shopping

    mall, restaurant, bank or airport--
    
    

    e. While riding in any vehicle--
    
    

    f. On the street or in a parking lot--
    
    

    g. At such places as a party, theater, gym, picnic area,

    bowling lanes, or while fishing or hunting.
    
    

    OR
    
    

    h. Did anyone ATTEMPT to attack or attempt to steal anything

    belonging to you from any of these places?
    
    

    2. People often don't think of incidents committed by someone

    they know. Did you have something stolen from you OR were you

    attacked or threatened by--
    
    

    a. Someone at work or school--
    
    

    b. A neighbor or friend--
    
    

    c. A relative or family member--
    
    

    d. Any other person you've met or known?
    
    

    3. Did you call the police to report something that happened

    to YOU which you thought was a crime?
    
    

    4. Did anything happen to you which you thought was a crime,

    but did NOT report to the police?
    
    

    Old
    
    

    1. Was anything stolen from you while you were away from home,

    for instance, at work, in a theater or restaurant, or while

    traveling?
    
    

    2. Did you call the police to report something that happened to

    YOU which you thought was a crime?
    
    

    3. Did anything happen to YOU which you thought was a crime,

    but did NOT report to the police?
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    -----------------------------------------------------------------

    The table that follows compares results from this report, based on

    redesigned NCVS methodology, with results from an earlier report, using

    data from the old questionnaire (Violence against Women, NCJ-145325).
    
    

    The new survey instrument captures more incidents of violence across all categories than did the old questionnaire. The extent of increase, however, does vary according to the sex of the victim and the victim/ offender relationship. The rates presented in this table are based on different time periods; however, analysis of data for overlapping periods confirms these patterns.

    Average annual rate of violent victimization per 1,000 persons

    Female Male
    
    

    Old survey methodology,

    1987-91
    
    

    Intimate 5.4 .5

    Other relative 1.1 .7

    Acquaintance/friend 7.6 13.0

    Stranger 5.4 12.2
    
    

    New NCVS methodology,

    1992-93
    
    

    Intimate 9.4 1.4

    Other relative 2.8 1.2

    Acquaintance/friend 12.9 17.2

    Stranger 7.4 19.0