| |
Culture-Personality Relations
|
| |
Position |
Formula |
|
Approaches and leading figures |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Psychological reductionism |
P — > C |
|
Orthodox psychoanalysis
(Freud, Róheim)
social motivation
(McClelland) |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Personality is culture |
P = C |
|
Configurationalism
(Benedict, Mead, Gorer) |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Anti-culture and personality |
C — > P |
|
Cultural determinism
(White)
materialism
(Marx)
symbolic interactionism
(Goffman) |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Personality mediation |
C1 — > P — > C2
|
|
Basic personality
(Kardiner)
modal personality
(DuBois)
cross-cultural correlations
(Whiting and Child) |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interaction
("two systems") |
P < — > C |
|
Psychocultural adaptation
(Spiro, Edgerton)
congruence
(Inkeles)
neo-Freudianism
(Erickson, Fromm)
|
|
Source: After LeVine
1982, in Philip K. Bock, Rethinking
Psychological Anthropology
(N.Y.: W. H. Freeman, 1988), p. 102. |
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