Culture and Personality (Psychological Anthropology -- University of Minnesota Duluth

Major Schools and Approaches of Psychological Anthropology Culture-Personality Relations
School	*Approach and Dates*	Leading Figures
Psychoanalytic anthropology	Orthodox (1910 - )	Freud, Róheim, Flügel, Ferenczi

	Later Freudian (1930 - )	Fromm, Erickson, Bettelheim, LaBarre, Devereux


Culture and personality	Configurationalist (1920-1940)	Benedict, Sapir, M. Mead, Barnouw, Hallowell

	Basic and modal personality (1935-1955)	Kardiner, Linton, DuBois, Wallace, Gladwin

	Cross-cultural (1950 - )	Whiting, Spiro, LeVine, Spindler, Edgerton, Munroe, D'Andrade


Social structure and personality	Materialist (1848 - )	Marx, Engels, Bukharin, Godelier

	Positionalist (1890- )	Veblen, Weber, Merton

	Interactionalist (1930 - )	G. H. Mead, Goffman, Garfinkle


Cognitive anthropology	Primitive mentality (1879 - )	Tylor, Lévy-Bruhl, Boas, Lévy-Stauss

	Developmental (1920 - )	Piaget, Cole, Price-Williams, Witkin

	Ethnosemantic (1960- )	Conklin, Frake, Kay, Berlin, Hunn

Source: After Philip K. Bock, Rethinking Psychological Anthropology (N.Y.: W. H. Freeman, 1988), p. 42.

Major Schools and Approaches of Psychological Anthropology