Part 8: Graduate Clinical Education: Practicum Requirements
The Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders (CSD)
offers a graduate program which combines academic, research, and clinic
endeavors. Students must complete 4 semester credits of internships to meet
Graduate Degree requirements; however, students will participate in
substantially more clinic practicum experiences in order to demonstrate a depth
and breadth of knowledge and skills in speech-language pathology, as is
required by the Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders and by the
American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA). Graduate students are
involved in practicum every semester of their graduate education.
Two course enrollments are available for clinical practicum
- CSD 8097: Internship in Communication Disorders
- Available for variable credit (1-3 credits)
- Used for on-campus internships and for part-time internships
in the community.
- For each credit of practicum, a student will be given a
client load to total approximately 3-4 hours/week of direct client contact time
- For each credit of practicum, a student will devote
approximately 6 hours/week in preparation and client administrative functions
(documentation, meeting with clinic instructor, etc).
- Students generally enroll in CSD 8097 for 2 credits; thus,
students can expect to devote approximately 20 hours per week to this type of
clinic practicum.
- As students gain experience, practicum includes part-time
placements in schools or health care settings in the Duluth area.
- CSD 8097: Externship in Communication Disorders
- Offered only during the Spring Semester of the Second Year
of Graduate School
- Externship is a full-time 10 week placement, 40 hours per
week, in a school or health care setting in the Duluth area or in another city.
In addition to 25 observation hours, students must accrue 375 clock hours to fulfill ASHA requirements of 400 hours for clinical certification. Of the 375 clock hours, a minimum of 325 must be earned at the graduate level. Students who enter the program with no clock hours may find it necessary to extend their graduate work in order to accrue sufficient clock hours. All clinic activity which accrues clock hours must involve at least 1
credit of practicum registration.
Practicum Prerequisites
Only students who are CSD Majors or Graduate Students in the
CSD Program are considered for practicum. Students must complete certain
prerequisites:
- Clinic Observation Completed
ASHA requirements for the Certificate of Clinical Competence state that an
individual must have 25 hours of supervised observation. The CSD Department
requires that these observation hours be completed BEFORE beginning clinic
practicum. Students are required to present proof of completion of observation
hours before beginning their first practicum through the CSD Program.
- Grade Point Average of 3.0 or higher
To be in good academic standing, a graduate student must maintain an overall
grade point average of 3.0 or higher. Any student failing to maintain the
required average is considered to be on academic probation. A student on
academic probation will have one semester to increase their grade point average
to the minimum requirement of 3.0. Students failing to meet the grade point
average requirements will not be allowed to register for further Communication
Sciences and Disorders courses, including CSD 8097 and CSD 8197.
- Mandatory Practicum Orientation:
All incoming graduate students are expected to participate in the mandatory
practicum orientation, which is part of the orientation to the Graduate Program
in Speech-Language Pathology at UMD.
- Completion of HIPAA Courses 1 and 4:
All students, faculty, and staff who have access to Protected Health
Information (PHI) must comply with the Federal Health Information Portability
and Accountability Act (HIPAA). Graduate students will be assigned HIPAA
courses 1, 3 and 4, which must be completed before the student is allowed to
participate in practicum.
- Immunizations
To ensure a clinic environment which minimizes the risk of the spread of
serious infectious disease, all students and staff providing services in the
Robert F. Pierce Speech-Language-Hearing Clinic (RFP) must submit documentation
of the following health requirements:
- Mantoux Test: This test must be repeated annually, with
results submitted on an annual basis to the RFP Clinic. The Mantoux Test is a
tuberculin skin test which shows if a person has ever been infected by
tuberculosis (TB) germs. If there is a positive test result from the Mantoux
Test, follow-up care by a physician is mandatory to determine the presence of
active TB.
- Hepatitis B Vaccine: The Hepatitis B Vaccine is a series of
3 shots given over a period of months. Students may choose initiate the series
or sign a waiver stating they do not wish to start the series. Students who
choose to get the Hepatitis B Vaccine are responsible for initiating the series
before starting clinical activity at the RFP Clinic.
- Graduate
students participating in practicum experiences at other health care facilities and
schools may have additional health documentation they must submit. They also
may be required certified in Cardiopulmonary
Resuscitation (CPR).
- Malpractice Insurance:
The Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders carries malpractice
insurance to cover staff, faculty and students who practice in the RFP Clinic.
This insurance also covers students who complete internships and externships
off-campus as a part of their degree through the UMD CSD Programs.
- Criminal Background Checks:
Off-campus practicum sites licensed by the Minnesota Department of Health
require our department to initiate a criminal background study on students who
will be providing direct services at their facilities. Consequently, all
graduate students will be required to complete Background Study Forms, supplied
by the Department, at the beginning of their graduate program, in preparation
of placement at a facility licensed by the Minnesota Department of Health.
Refusal to provide the information necessary to ensure an accurate and complete
background study will result in your disqualification from placement at
off-campus sites.
Department Experience Requirements for Graduate Students
The CSD Department is charged with providing you the
opportunities for a breadth and depth of experiences in your professional
education. To this end, you may be given additional practicum assignments when
the assigned case is determined an appropriate opportunity to broaden your scope
and mastery of clinical skills.
While ASHA does not set a requisite number of hours in each
diagnosis category, the UMD CSD Department has determined that direct clinic
experience across all areas is optimal for professional development. Successful
completion of clinical service and demonstration of skills is required for
earning your degree.
Every effort will be made to give you assessment and
intervention experience across the following areas:
- articulation
- fluency
- voice and resonance, including respiration and phonation
- receptive and expressive language (phonology, morphology,
syntax, semantics, and pragmatics) in speaking, listening, reading, writing,
and manual modalities
- hearing, including the impact on speech and language
- swallowing (oral, pharyngeal, esophageal, and related functions,
including oral function for feeding; orofacial myofunction)
- cognitive aspects of communication (attention, memory,
sequencing, problem-solving, executive functioning)
- social aspects of communication (including challenging
behavior, ineffective social skills, lack of communication opportunities)
- communication modalities (including oral, manual,
augmentative, and alternative communication techniques and assistive
technologies)
In addition, every effort will be made to give you
experience in working with people of various ages and various cultural/social
backgrounds.
Typical Clinical Education Sequence for Graduate Students
First Year, Fall Semester:
- CSD 8097
- Robert F. Pierce Clinic
- ISD 709 Hearing Screenings
First Year, Spring Semester:
- CSD 8097
- Combination of experiences may include:
- Robert F. Pierce Clinic/contract assignments
- ISD 709 DIAL Screenings
- Limited off-site mini-practicum placements (4-8 hours/week)
Summer Session:
- CSD 8097
Robert F.
Pierce Clinic
Second Year, Fall Semester:
- CSD 8097
- Combination of experiences may include:
- Part-time off site placement (15-20 hours/week, 15 weeks)
- Robert F. Pierce Clinic/contract assignments
- Aural Rehab
Second Year, Spring Semester:
- CSD 8097 OR CSD 8197
- Students may choose from the following options:
- Part-time off-site placement (15-20 hours/week, 15 weeks)
- Full-time off-site placement (40 hours/week, 10 weeks)
Evaluation of Student Performance
UMD clinic instructors will use the UMD Grading Protocol
(Appendix D) and will follow the grading guidelines as outlined in Practicum
Handbook Part 9. Off-site supervisors may or may not choose to use the UMD
Grading Protocol.
Each site may choose their own protocol for assessing the
student´s clinical performance. They are welcome to use the UMD Practicum
Evaluation Protocol (Appendix D) from the UMD CSD Program. All sites are asked
to complete the ASHA Clinic Competency Scale (Appendix D) at the end of the
semester, which is used to gauge student growth over time and across sites; and
to determine program trends and make program decisions.
It is recommended that the site supervisor and the student
meet each week to discuss client progress and student progress. It is
recommended that the site supervisor complete a mid-semester evaluation of
student performance, review this with the student, and establish goals for
growth for the remainder of the semester. The supervisor is to report the
mid-semester grade and progress to the university liaison.
Students participating in off campus practicum work are
subject to Counsel Out Procedures (Handbook Part 10) if the practicum grade
recommended by the site supervisor is a C or lower.
Clock Hours Documentation
Students are responsible for documenting clock hours accrual
on forms provided by the Department, and Clinic Instructors must record their
observation time on these forms for each session. Student interns record each
session on the Daily Clock Hours Record (See Appendix A). At the end of the
Semester, students will generate a Semester Clock Hours Form (See Appendix A)
for each instructor with whom they worked. This Form must be verified and
signed by the Clinic Instructor.
Finally, students will update the Clock Hours Summary Form
(See Appendix A) each semester, which is a running log of clock hours accrued
toward their degree. As students near completion of their degree, they will
print out and submit the Clock Hours Summary Form as a record of all activity
toward their CCCs. Interns will submit this form for signatures by the
Department Chair and the Clinic Director.
Graduate students transferring from other undergraduate
programs will need to enter their total observation hours and their
undergraduate clock hours in the Clock Hours Summary Form. Up to 50
undergraduate clock hours may be used toward the total 375 clock hours required
by ASHA for certification.
Course Objectives for CSD 8097
- Develop appropriate semester treatment plan for assigned
client with general direction from the clinical instructor.
The treatment plan will include measurable and achievable semester objectives,
rationale for objectives, and treatment procedures. This process includes
gathering baseline data by reviewing background information from the client,
family members or other involves sources.
- Demonstrate of evidence-based practice.
Present evidence of researching the disorder area either through a discussion
or written review of pertinent journal articles or other relevant literature.
- Formulate daily measurable and achievable objectives, with
general guidance from clinical instructor.
- Implement intervention plan with general guidance from
clinical instructor, using appropriate modeling of target behaviors, teaching
strategies, and feedback strategies.
- Select and use appropriate materials and instrumentation to
maximize intervention plan.
- Collect accurate data on client behavior to measure
progress.
- Write daily progress notes and semester treatment reports,
including pertinent and accurate information, in an organized clear and grammatically
correct style, with general guidance from clinical instructor.
Session documentation guidelines may vary with the clinical instructor and the
needs of the client.
- Develop an understanding of goals and procedures with the
client and/or family members, with general guidance from clinical instructor.
Staffings are held at the beginning and end of the semester.
- Interact with clients, caregivers, other professionals, and
clinical instructors in a respectful manner.
- Demonstrate ethical behavior, including adherence to ASHA
Code of Ethics and University and CSD Department policies and procedures for
implementation of HIPAA.
- Demonstrate professional behavior, including punctuality in
meeting deadlines for all items listed on the clinic itinerary, adhering to the
clinic dress code, and abiding by all clinic policies and procedures.
- Develop the ability to evaluate your own skills regarding
effectiveness of management techniques through use of taping, conferences with
clinic instructors, and structured observation techniques.
Course Requirements/Expectations for CSD 8197
- Spend 40 hours/week at the site
- implement treatment programs designed for assigned clients
- perform diagnostic evaluations as assigned by your site
supervisor
- establish positive working relationships with site
supervisor and other site staff
- comply with site standards for documentation of treatment
and diagnostic services
- convey treatment information to
clients/families/professionals in oral and written forms
- meet professional expectations of the site
- comply with CSD department standards for documenting
clinical clock hour accrual
- Abide by the ASHA Code of Ethics
Refer to Appendix B for Course Outcomes and a sample
practicum itinerary.
Off-Campus Internships and Externships
Prerequisites
Internship Prerequisites
- Graduate student in Communication Sciences and Disorders
- Successfully completed at least one internship at the
university clinic.
- Have accrued at least 100 clock hours
Externship Prerequisites
- Graduate student in Communication Sciences and Disorders
- Successful completed at least one internship at the
university clinic and one internship off-campus.
- Is optional, offered Spring Semester of the Second Year.
Procedures for Arranging Placements/Affiliations
All off-campus placements are arranged by the clinic director,
who is the university liaison for all off-site practicum experiences. Each
student meets with the clinic director during the Fall Semester of their first
year of graduate school to formulate potential plans for off-campus placements.
Students share their interests and preferences and the clinic director will
honor these requests as much as possible, though there is no guarantee that
students will be placed with any given organization. Influencing factors such
as site availability, number of requests for particular sites, and
site/supervisor requests, will affect final placements.
Students should not contact sites or professionals to
arrange their own practicum placements for internships or externships. If
students do have interests in sites outside of the Duluth area, they are
encouraged to bring contact information to the clinic director. The clinic director
will pursue a placement with the site.
Students will not be placed in a site without a current affiliation
contract in place. This contract more clearly delineates the roles and
responsibilities of the site, the site supervisor, and the university program.
A copy of the Affiliation Contract will be available for the student to review
upon request, prior to being placed in a site.
University Liaison
The clinic director is the university liaison for off-campus
internships and externships. The university liaison establishes strong
communication between the facility and the university program. The liaison
will use site visits, telephone calls, and surveys for this purpose.
If the student or the site supervisor has concerns or questions regarding any
aspect of the practicum experience, they are advised immediately to contact the
university liaison. The site supervisor, the student, and the university
liaison will develop a plan of action to improve the situation.
Applying for Practicum Placements
Many practicum sites require a student resume, transcripts,
and an interview with the student prior to the practicum. This particularly is
true for full-time externships at medical facilities. The purpose of the
interview is to ensure shared expectations for the practicum experience and, in
some cases, to select an intern from a group of candidates from multiple
university programs.
Supervision
All off-campus site supervisors must hold ASHA certification
at the time of supervising the student. Additionally, the CSD Department
prefers the supervisors to have a minimum of three years´ clinical experience.
Whether a student is involved in a full-time or part-time
practicum, the exact schedule of the practicum is a matter of mutual discussion
between the site supervisor and the student. We encourage the supervisor to
involve the student in as many aspects of their clinical practice as possible,
though only direct client contact time may be credited toward ASHA clock hours.
The supervisor must abide by the following ASHA supervision regulations:
- At least 25% of the total clock hours must be directly supervised,
though supervisors are to use their clinical judgment to provide as much
supervision they believe the student needs, for the welfare of the student and
the client.
- An ASHA certified supervisor must be on site at all times.
If the site supervisor is absent, the student is not allowed to provide therapy
or diagnostic services, unless there is another ASHA certified supervisor who
will assume the supervision responsibilities in the primary supervisor´s
absence.