Department of Geological Sciences

George (Rip) Rapp
Regents Professor Emeritus
Ph.D. Penn State

Interests: Archaeological geology, Archaeological geology of the eastern Mediterranean region, Trace-element fingerprinting of artifacts, Shang archaeology of China
Office: 206 RLB
Phone: (218) 726-7629
E-mail: grapp@d.umn.edu

Regents Professor Emeritus, University of Minnesota, Duluth; Charter member of the Society of Professional Archaeologists and twice a member of its Board of Directors. Fellow of the Geological Society of America, Mineralogical Society of America, and the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Past president of the National Association of Geoscience Teachers, the Association for Field Archaeology, and the Society for Archaeological Sciences. Thirty-seven years of major geoarchaeological and archaeological excavation and survey around the world. Major surveys include Messenia (Greece) [as associate director]; Anyang (China)[as co-director]; major excavations include Nichoria (Greece)[as associate director];Tel Michal (Israel)[as archaeometric director]; Sotira Kaminoudhia (Cyprus) [as co-director]. Major geomorphic change studies include Thermopylae, Navarino, and Nikopolis (Greece) and Ancient Carthage (Tunisia). geologic explorations to locate the buried capital of the Shang Dynasty (China) [all as director]; American director of the American/Chinese project at Anyang, China; Co-director of the Egyptian Eastern Desert Project.

Publications:

BOOKS

2006 Rapp, G. Jr. and C. Hill, Geoarchaeology: The Earth-Science Approach to Archaeological Interpretation. Second Edition. A rewritten and enlarged version of the 1998 volume. Yale University Press, 339 p.

2003 Swiny, S., Rapp, G, and E. Herscher (eds.) Excavations at Sotira Kaminoudhia Southwest Cyprus, American Schools of Oriental Research, 605 p.
2002 Rapp, G., Archaeomineralogy, Springer-Verlag, p. 326

2000 Rapp, G., J. Allert, V.Vitali, Z. Jing, and E. Henrickson, Determining Geologic Sources of Artifact Copper: Source Characterization Using Trace Element Patterns. University Press of America. 168 p.

1998 Rapp, G. Jr. and C. Hill, Geoarchaeology. Yale University Press, 274 p.

1995 Harrison, C., E. Redepenning, C. Hill, G. Rapp, Jr., S. Aschenbrenner, J. Huber, and S. C. Mulholland, The Paleo-Indian of Southern St. Louis County, Minnesota: The Reservoir Lakes Complex, Kendall Hunt, 239 p.

1992 Rapp, G. Jr. and S. C. Mulholland, (eds.), Phytolith Systematics: Emerging Issues Plenum Press, 350 p. Chapter 1, "Introduction" by S. C. Mulholland and G. Rapp, Jr. Chapter 5, "A Phytolith Classification for Grass Silica-Bodies" by S. C. Mulholland and G. Rapp, Jr.

1989 Roberts, W.L., T. Campbell, and G. Rapp, Jr., Encyclopedia of Minerals, Van Nostrand Reinhold, 979 p. (a rewritten second edition of the

1974 volume with somewhat different authors)

1989 Herzog, Z., G. Rapp, Jr., and O. Negbi, (eds.), Excavations at Tel Michal, Israel, University of Minnesota Press, 463 p. Chapter 1, "Introduction" by Z. Herzog, G. Rapp, Jr., and J.D. Muhly. Chapter 17, "Paleogeography of the Central Sharon Coast" by J. A. Gifford and G. Rapp, Jr. Chapter 18, "Site Geology" by J. A. Gifford, G. Rapp, Jr., and C. Hill. Chapter 20, "Paleobotany from Phytoliths" by M. Thomson and G. Rapp, Jr. Chapter 24a, "Provenance of Three Categories of Bronze Age Decorated Vessels" by V. Vitali, G. Rapp, Jr., and O. Negbi.

1985 Rapp, G., Jr., and John A. Gifford, (eds.), Archaeological Geology, Yale University Press, 435 p. Chapter 1, "History, Philosophy and Perspectives" by J.A. Gifford and G. Rapp, Jr. Chapter 14, "The Provenance of Artifact Raw Materials" by G. Rapp, Jr. Appendix, "A Selected Bibliography of Archaeological Geology" by G. Rapp, Jr. and John A. Gifford.

1982 Rapp, G. Jr., and John A. Gifford, (eds.). Troy: The Archaeological Geology, Troy Supplementary Monograph #4, Princeton Univ. Press, 209 p. Chapter 2, "Earthquakes" by G. Rapp, Jr. Chapter 3, "The Sedimentary Matrix" by J. Gifford, G. Rapp, Jr., and C. Moss. Chapter 5, "Phytoliths" by S. C. Mulholland, G. Rapp, Jr., and J. Gifford.

1981 Rapp, G., Jr., and C. F. Vondra, (eds.), Hominid Sites: Their Geologic Settings: Westview Press. AAAS Select Symposium 63, 310 p. Introduction by G. Rapp, Jr.

1978 Rapp, G., Jr., and S. Aschenbrenner, (eds.), Excavations at Nichoria in Southwestern Greece, Volume I: Site Environs, Techniques: University of Minnesota Press, 339 p. Chapter 1, "Introduction" by G. Rapp, Jr., S.E. Aschenbrenner, and W.A. McDonald. Chapter 2, "Holocene History" by G. Rapp, Jr., S.E. Aschenbrenner, and J.C. Kraft. Chapter 11, "Analyses of Metal Artifacts" by G. Rapp, Jr., R.E. Jones, S.R.B. Cooke, and E. Henrickson. Chapter 13, "Lithological Studies" by G. Rapp, Jr. Chapter 14, "Geological Studies" by J. Stein and G. Rapp, Jr.

1974 Sawkins, F.J., C.L. Chase, D. Darby, and G. Rapp, Jr., The Evolving Earth, Macmillan Co., 477 p. Revised Second Edition, 1978.

1974 Roberts, W.L., G. Rapp, Jr., and J. Weber, Jr., Encyclopedia of
Minerals: Von Nostrand Reinhold, 643 p. plus colored photos of 928 minerals.

1972 McDonald, W.A., and G. Rapp, Jr., (eds.), The Minnesota Messenia
Expedition: Reconstructing a Bronze Age Regional Environment: University of Minnesota Press (and Oxford University Press), 338 p. Chapter 14, "Metallurgical and Geochemical Studies," pp. 225?233, by S.R.B. Cooke, E. Henrickson, and G. Rapp, Jr. Chapter 15, "Geophysical Prospecting," pp. 234?239, by G. Rapp, Jr., and E. Henrickson. Chapter 16, "Perspectives," pp. 240?263, by W.A. McDonald and G. Rapp, Jr.

1965 Roberts, W.L., and G. Rapp, Jr., Mineralogy of the Black Hills: Bulletin 18, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 268 p.

JOURNAL ARTICLES AND CHAPTERS IN OTHER BOOKS: (Note: This list does not include over 160 published abstracts, book reviews, and shorter works). For convenience, the publications are divided into four categories: archaeological geology and geochemistry [including archaeometallurgy], environmental geology and geochemistry, geologic education, and mineralogy.

Archaeological Geology and Geochemistry

2005 Kraft, J., Rapp, G., Gifford, J., and S. Aschenbrenner, "Coastal Change and Archaeological Settings in Elis", Hesperia 74: 1-39

2004 Dunn, E., and G. Rapp, "Characterization of mortars and pozzolanic materials from Umm al-Jimal", Studies in Conservation 49:145-160

2003 Kraft, J., Kayan, I., Bruckner, H. and G. Rapp, "Sedimentary Facies Patterns and the Interpretations of Paleogeographies of Ancient Troia" Chapter 24, pp. 361-377 in Troia and the Troad, edited by G. Wagner, E. Pernicka, and H. Uerpmann, Springer-Verlag

2003 Kraft, J., Rapp, G. Kayan, I., and J. Luce, "Harbor Areas at ancient
Troy: Sedimentology and and geomorphology complement Homer's Iliad", Geology, 31:163-166

2003 Jing, Z. and G. Rapp, "The Coastal Evolution of the Ambracian Embayment and its relationship to Archaeological Settings", Chapter 5 pp. 157-198, in Landscape Archaeology in Southern Epirus, Greece, edited by J. Wiseman and K. Zachos,Hesperia Supplement 32

2003 Besonen, M., Rapp, G. and Z. Jing, "The Lower Acheron River Valley: Ancient Accounts and Changing Landscape" Chapter 6 pp. 199-263, in Landscape Archaeology in Southern Epirus, Greece, edited by J. Wiseman and K. Zachos, Hesperia Supplement 32

2002 Rapp, G., "Archaeology in the 21st Century", pp. 37-39 in Chinese Archaeology and World Archaeology in the 20th Century edited by the Chinese Institute of archaeology, published by China Social Science Press. (in Chinese)

2002 Wittmers, L., Aufderheide, A., Rapp, G., and Agnich, A., "Archaeological Contributions to Skeletal Lead Analysis". Accounts of Chemical Research (American Chemical Society) 35:669-675

2000 Kraft, J., Kayan, I., Bruckner, H., and Rapp, G., "A Geologic Analysis of Ancient Landscapes and the Harbors of Ephesus and the Artemesion in Anatolia" pp. 175-233 Jahreshefte Des Osterreichischen Archaologischen Institutes in Wien. Band 69

2000 Tang, J., Jing, Z., and G. (Rip) Rapp, "The Largest Walled Shang City Located in Arryang, China" Antiquity 74:479-80

2000 Rapp, G. (Rip), Jr., "Geoarchaeology: the geologic context", pp. 77- 84 in The Practical Impact of Science on Near Eastern and Aegean Archaeology. Ed by S. Pike and S. Gitin. Wiener Laboratory Monograph 3. Archetype Books, London.

2000 Mulholland, S. and G. Rapp [editors] The Minnesota Archaeologist. Vol. 59, 144 p. Minnesota Archaeological Society, St. Paul.

2000 Valppu, S. and G. Rapp, "Paleoethobotanical Context and Dating of the Laurel Use of Wild Rice: The Big Rice Site" 59:81-87. The Minnesota Archaeologist.

2000 Lindenberg, S. and G. Rapp, "Source Characterization of Lithics From the Western Lake Superior Region", 59:93-108 The Minnesota Archaeologist

2000 Rapp, G., Jr. "Atomic Absorption (AA) Spectrometry" pp. 64-65; "Geoarchaeology" pp. 237-244; "Grain-Size Analysis" pp. 267-268; "Metals Characterization" pp. 364-367; "Rocks and Minerals Characterization" pp. 529-533; "Soil and Sediment Analysis" pp. 577-582; "Tephrochonology" pp. 624-626; "Varve Analysis" pp.657- 658: in Archaeological Method aned
Theory: An Encyclopedia edited by L. Ellis, Garland Pub.

1999 Rapp, G., Jr. "Copper, Tin, and Arsenic Sources in the Aegean Bronze Age", Aegaeum 20:699-704

1999 Rapp, G., Jr., R.Rothe, and Z. Jing, "Using Neutron Activation Analysis to Source Ancient Tin (Cassiterite)", pp. 153- 162, in Metals in Antiquity, ed. By S. Young, A. Pollard, P. Budd, and R. Ixer, Archaeopress [BAR International Series 792]

1999 Chen, T., G. Rapp,Jr., Z. Jing, and N. He, "Provenance Studies of the Earliest Chinese Protoporcelain Using Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis", Journal of Archaeological Science 26:1003-1015

1999 Rapp, G. Jr., S. Balescu and M. Lamothe, "The identification of Granitic Fire- Cracked Rock Using Luminescnce of Alkali Feldspars." American Antiquity 64(1):71-78

1998 Rapp, G. Jr., "Composition and softening/fluid temperatures of some ancient Cypriot slags." Metallurgica Antiqua (Der Anschnitt, Beiheft 8), pp. 177-182

1998 Tang, J., Z. Jing, G. Xu, and G. Rapp, Jr., "A Preliminary Report on Regional Archaeological Research in thwe Huanhe River Valley." Kaogu
(Archaeology) 1998(10):13-22 (in Chinese)

1998 Gao, T. Jing, Z., Murowchick, R., Rapp, G., Jr., and Niu, S. The investigation of the Eastern Zhou City in Shangqiu, Henan. Kaogu
(Archaeology) 12:18-27 (in Chinese)

1998 Chen, T., G. Rapp, Jr., Z. Jing, and N. He, "Provenance Study with Neutron Activation Analysis on the Ceramics from Jingnansi Bronze Age Site, Hubei, China." Pp. 539 - 557 in Chinese Archaeology Enters the Twenty-first Century. Ed. By the Department of Archaeology, Peking University. Science Press (China)

1998 Jing, Z. and Rapp, G. Jr. "Environmental Magnetic Indicators of the Sedimentary Context of Archaeological Sites in the Shangqiu Area of China." Geoarchaeology 13:37-54

1997 Jing, Z., Rapp, G. Jr., and T. Gao, "Geoarchaeological Aids in the Investigation of Early Shang Civilzation on the Floodplain of the Lower Yellow River, China." World Archaeology 29:36-50

1997 Jing, Z., Rapp, G.Jr., and T Gao. " Holocene Geomorphic Changes and the Prehistoric and Early Historic Sites in the Shanqiu Area, Henan" 1997 Kaogu (Archaeology) (5):53-57 (in Chinese)

1997 Chen, T., Rapp, G. Jr., Jing, Z. and N. He. "The Sourcing of the Protoporcelain of the Shang Period by Using Neutron Activation Analysis"

1997 Kaogu (Archaeology) (7):39-52

1996 Pernicka, E., Keller, J., Rapp, G., Jr., and T. Ercan. "Provenance of Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age Obsidian Artifacts From the Troad" Pp. 515-519 in Proceedings of the 29th International Symposium on Archaeometry. Ed. By S. Demirci, A. Ozer, and G. Summers. Tubitak, Ankara.

1996 Rothe, R., G. Rapp, Jr, and W. Miller, "New Hieroglyphic Evidence For Pharaonic Activity in the Eastern Desert of Egypt," Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt, 33:77-104

1996 Moody, J., O. Rackham and G. Rapp, Jr., "Environmental Archaeology of Prehistoric Northwest Crete," Journal of Field Archaeology , 23:273-297

1996 Rapp, G. Jr., and Z. Jing, "Late Holocene Alluvial Stratigraphy of Shanqui Area in China and its Archaeological Implication," Proceedings of the XIII International Quaternary Congress.

1995 Jing, Z. and G. Rapp, Jr., "Holocene Landscape Evolution and Its Impact on the Neolithic and Bronze Age Sites in the Shangqiu Area, Northern China," Geoarchaeology 10:481-513.

1995 Rothe, R. and G. Rapp, Jr., "Trace-Element Analyses of Egyptian Eastern Desert Tin and Its Importance to Egyptian Archaeology," pp. 229-244 in Proceedings of the Egyptian-Italian Seminar on the Geosciences and Archaeology in the Mediterranean Countries. Ed. By A.A.A. Hussein, M. Miele, & S. Riad, Special Publication #70 of the Geological Survey of Egypt.

1994 Rapp, G. Jr., and J.C. Kraft, "Holocene Coastal Change in Greece and Aegean Turkey," Chapter 4 pp. 69-90 in Beyond the Site: Regional Studies in the Aegean Area, P.N. Kardulias (ed.), University Press of America.

1992 Huber, J.K., and G. Rapp, Jr., "Results of a Pollen Study from Southeast Kenosha County, Wisconsin," pp. 73-131, in Archaeological Studies on the Southeast Wisconsin Uplands, D.F. Overstreet (ed.), Case Studies in Great Lakes Archaeology, Great Lakes Archaeological Press.

1992 Gifford, J., G.Rapp Jr., and V. Vitali, "Paleogeography of Carthage
(Tunisia): Coastal change During the First Millennium BC," Journal of Archaeological Science 19:575-596.

1992 Aufderheide, A., G. Rapp, Jr., L. Wittmers, J. Wallgren, R. Macchiarelli, G. Fornaciari, F. Mallegni and R. Corruccini, "Lead Exposure in Italy: 800 BC - 700 AD", International Journal of Anthropology 7:9-15.

1992 Vitali, V., J. Gifford, F. Djindjian, and G. Rapp, Jr., "A Formalized Approach to Analysis of Geoarchaeological Sediment Samples: The Location of the Early Punic Harbor at Carthage," Geoarchaeology 7:545-581.

1991 Allert, J.D., G. Rapp, Jr., V. Vitali and E. Henrickson, "Trace-Element Variability within a Large Ore Body: The Kingston Mine, Michigan, USA," Geoarchaeology 4:337-354.

1990 Rapp, G., Jr., E. Henrickson, and J. Allert, "Native Copper Sources of Artifact Copper in Pre?Columbian North America," pp.479-498, in Archaeological Geology of North America, N. Lasca and J. Donahue (eds.), Geological Society of America Centennial Volume 4.

1990 Rapp, G. Jr., J.D. Allert and G. Peters, "The Origins of Copper in Three Northern Minnesota Sites: Pauly River Point, and Big Rice," Chapter14, pp.233-238 in The Woodland Tradition in the Western Great Lakes, G. Gibbon (ed.), Publications in Anthropology 4, University of Minnesota.

1990 Mulholland, S. C., G. Rapp, Jr., A.L. Ollendorf and R. Regal, "Variation in Phytoliths Within a Population of Corn (Mandan Yellow Flour)", Canadian Journal of Botany 68:1638-1645.

1990 Rapp, G., Jr., "Composition and Ore Source for some Chalcolithic Copper Artifacts from India," Bulletin of the Institute of Archaeology, Deccan College (India) 49:343-346.

1990 Rapp, G., Jr., and J.C. Kraft, "Environmental Geology and the Paleogeography of Ancient Sites," pp 1945-1948 in The Engineering Geology of Ancient Works, Monuments and Historical Sites, Volume IV, P.G. Marinos and G.C. Koukis (eds.), Balkema.

1989 Huber, J., and G. Rapp, Jr., "The Palynology of Two Archaeological Sites in the Southeast Missouri Ozarks," Plains Anthropologist 34:293-308.

1989 Rapp, G. Jr.,"Trace Sismiche in Geoarcheologia" pp 398-405 in I Terremoti Prima del Mille in Italia Nell' Area Mediterranea (in Italian) E. Guidoboni (ed.), Storia-Geophisica-Ambiente.

1989 Mulholland, S.C., and Rapp, G., Jr., "Characterization of Grass Phytoliths for Archaeological Analysis," Materials Research Society Bulletin, 14:36-39.

1989 Rapp, G. Jr., "Determining the Origins of Sulfide Smelting," Der Anschnitt (Journal of the German Mining Museum) 1989:107-110.

1988 Kraft, J.C., and G. Rapp, Jr., "Geological Reconstruction of Ancient Coastal Landforms in Greece with Predictions of Future Coastal Changes," pp. 1545-1556, in The Engineering Geology of Ancient Works, Monuments and Historical Sites, Volume III, P.G. Marinos and G.C. Koukis (eds.).

1988 Wittmers, L.E., Jr., A.C. Aufderheide, J. Wallgren, G. Rapp, Jr., and A. Alich, "Lead in Bone IV. Distribution of Lead in the Human Skeleton," Archives of Environmental Health, 43:381-391.

1988 Mulholland, S. C., G. Rapp, Jr., and A. Ollendorf, "Variation in Phytoliths from Corn Leaves," Canadian Journal of Botany, 66:2001-2008.

1988 Ollendorf, A., S. C. Mulholland, and G. Rapp, Jr., "Phytolith Analysis as a Means of Plant Identification: Arundo donax and Phragmites communis," Annals of Botany, 61:209-214.

1988 Aufderheide, A., L.E. Wittmers, G. Rapp, Jr., and J. Wallgren, "Anthropological Applications of Skeletal Lead Analysis," American Anthropologist, 90:30-35.

1988 Aufderheide, A.C., L.L. Tieszen, M.J. Allison, J. Wallgren, and G. Rapp, Jr., "Chemical Reconstruction of Components in Complex Diets," pp. 301-306, in Diet and Subsistence: Current Archaeological Perspectives, B.V. Kennedy and G.M. Le Moine (eds.), Chacmool, The Archaeological.Association of the University of Calgary.

1988 Rapp, G. Jr., "On the Origins of Copper and Bronze Alloying," Chapter 2, pp. 21-27, in The Beginning of the Use of Metals and Alloys, R. Maddin (ed.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press.

1987 Ollendorf, A.L., S.C. Mulholland, and G. Rapp, Jr., "Phytoliths from Some Israeli Sedges," Israel Journal of Botany, 36:125-132.

1987 Kraft, J.C., G. Rapp, Jr., G.J. Szemler, C. Tziavos, and E.W. Kase, "The Pass at Thermopylae, Greece," Journal of Field Archaeology, 14:181-198.

1987 Rapp, G. Jr., "Geoarchaeology," Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 15:97-113.

1986 Somervaille, L.J., D.R. Chettle, M.C. Scott, A.C. Aufderheide, J.E. Wallgren, L.E. Wittmers, Jr., and G. Rapp, Jr., "Comparison of Two in vitro Methods of Bone Lead Analysis and the Implications for in vivo Measurements," Physics in Medicine and Biology, 11:1267-1274.

1986 Rapp, G. Jr., "Assessing Archaeological Evidence for Seismic Catastrophes," Geoarchaeology, 1:365-379.

1985 Aufderheide, A.C., J.L. Angel, J.O. Kelley, A.C. Outlaw, M.A. Outlaw, G. Rapp, Jr., and L.E. Wittmers, Jr., "Lead in Bone III. Prediction of Social Correlates from Skeletal Lead Content in Four Colonial American Populations," American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 66:353-361.

1985 Gifford, J. A., and Rapp, G. Jr., "The Early Development of Archaeological Geology in North America," pp. 409-421, in Geologists and
Ideas: A History of North American Geology, E. Drake and W. Jordan (eds.), Geological Society of America.

1985 Stein, J., and G. Rapp, Jr., "Archaeological Sediments: A Largely Untapped Reservoir of Information," pp. 143-159, in Contributions to Aegean Archaeology: Studies in Honor of William A. McDonald, W. Coulson and N. Wilkie (eds.), Kendall/Hunt.

1984 Rapp, G. Jr., and J. A. Gifford, "Neutron Activation and Cluster Analyses," Chapter 12, pp. 91-104, in East Cretan White-On-Dark Ware, Philip Betancourt (ed.), Monograph Series, University of Pennsylvania Museum.

1984 Rapp, G. Jr., J. Allert, and E. Henrickson, "Trace-Element Discrimination of Discrete Sources of Native Copper," Chapter 14, pp. 273-293, in Archaeological Chemistry III, J.B. Lambert, (ed.), Advances in Chemistry Series, 205.

1983 Rapp, G. Jr., "Neutron Activation and Atomic Absorption Analyses of Copper Alloys," in Sardis Monograph 8: Metalwork from Sardis: The Finds through 1974, Jane C. Waldbaum (ed.), p. 159, 166, 168-172, Harvard University Press.

1983 Rapp, G. Jr., "Native Copper and the Beginning of Smelting: Chemical Studies," pp. 33-40, in Early Metallurgy in Cyprus, 4000-500 B.C., J.D. Muhly, R. Maddin, and V. Karageorghis (eds.), Pierides Foundation, Cyprus.

1982 de Jesus, P., G. Rapp, Jr., and L. Vagnetti, "Cypriot Metalwork in the Geneva Museum," Studi Micenei ed Egeo-Anatolici, Fascicolo XXIII: 7?29.

1982 Rapp, G. Jr., and J. A. Gifford, "Archaeological Geology," American Scientist, 70:45-53.

1981 Aufderheide, A.C., F.D. Neiman, L.E. Wittmers, Jr., and G. Rapp, Jr., "Lead in Bone II: Skeletal-Lead Content as an Indicator of Lifetime Lead Ingestion and the Social Correlates in an Archaeological Population," American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 55:285-291.

1980 Kraft, J.C., G. Rapp, Jr., and S.E. Aschenbrenner, "Late Holocene Paleogeographic Reconstructions in the Area of the Bay of Navarino: Sandy Pylos," Journal of Archaeological Science, 7:187-210.

1980 Rapp, G. Jr., E. Henrickson, M. Miller, and S.E. Aschenbrenner, "Trace-Element Fingerprinting as a Guide to the Geographic Sources of Native Copper," Journal of Metals, 32:35-45.

1979 Rapp, G. Jr., and J.C. Kraft, "Aegean Sea Level Changes in the Bronze Age," Thera and the Aegean World, Acta of the Second International Scientific Congress on the Volcano of Thera, Athens, Greece, C. Doumas (ed.), pp. 183-193.

1978 Rapp, G., Jr., "Trace Elements as a Guide to the Geographical Source of Tin Ore: Smelting Experiments," pp. 59-63, in The Search for Ancient Tin, A.D. Franklin, J. Olin, and T. Wertime (eds.), Smithsonian Institution Press.

1977 Kraft, John C., S.E. Aschenbrenner, and G. Rapp, Jr., "Application of Holocene Stratigraphy to Paleogeographic Reconstructions of Coastal Aegean Archaeological Sites," Science, 195:941-947.

1975 Rapp, G., Jr., "The Archaeological Field Staff: The Geologist," Journal of Field Archaeology, 2:229-237.

1975 McDonald, W.A., G. Rapp, Jr., et al., "Excavations at Nichoria,

1972-73," Hesperia, 44:69-141.

1975 Kraft, John C., G. Rapp, Jr., and Stanley Aschenbrenner, "Late Holocene Paleogeography of the Coastal Plain of Messenia, Greece, and its Relationships to Archaeological Settings and Coastal Change," Bulletin Geological Society of America, 86:1191-1208.

1973 Rapp, G., Jr., S.R.B. Cooke, and E. Henrickson, "Pumice from Thera
(Santorini) Identified from a Greek Mainland Archaeological Excavation," Science, 197:471-473.

1973 Rapp, G., Jr. and S.R.B.Cooke, AThera Pumice Recovered from LHIIA Stratum of Nichoria," Athens Annals of Archaeology.

1970 Rapp, G., Jr., AGeology in aid of archaeology: Investigations in Greece," Journal of Geological Education, 18:59-65

Environmental Geology and Geochemistry

1999 Glass, G.E., J.A. Sorensen, and G. Rapp, Jr., "Methylmercury Bioaccumulation Dependence on Northern Pike Age and Size in 20 Minnesota Lakes" Ch 11, pp 150- 163 in Persistent, Bioaccumulative, and Toxic Chemicals I: Fate and Exposure ed. by R. Lipnick, J. Hermens, K. Jones, and D. Muir. American Chemical Society Symposium Series 772. Washington D.C.

1998 Glass, G.E., J.A. Sorensen, G. Rapp, Jr., M. Balcer, and L. Schwarzkoff, "Mercury Subsurface Maxima in Sediments: a Diagnostic for Anthropogenic Origins", pp 467- 485 in Mercury Contaminated Sites, edited by R. Ebinghaus et al. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

1991 Glass, G.E., J.A. Sorensen, K.W. Schmidt, G. Rapp, Jr., D. Yap, and D. Fraser, "Mercury Deposition and Sources for the Upper Great Lakes Region", Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 56:235-249.

1990 Glass, G.E., J.A. Sorensen, K.W. Schmidt and G. Rapp, Jr., "New Source Identification of Mercury Contamination in the Great Lakes," Environmental Science & Technology, 24:1059-1069.

1990 Sorenson, J.A., G.E. Glass, K.W. Schmidt, J.K. Huber and G. Rapp, Jr., "Airborne Mercury Deposition and Watershed Characteristics in Relation to Mercury Concentrations in Water, Sediments, Plankton, and Fish of Eighty Northern Minnesota Lakes," Environmental Science & Technology, 24:1716-1727.

1987 Rapp, G., Jr., B.W. Liukkonen, J.D. Allert, J.A. Sorensen, G.E. Glass, and O.L. Loucks, "Geologic and Atmospheric-Input Factors Affecting Watershed Chemistry in Upper Michigan," Environmental Geology and Water Science, 9:155-171.

1986 Glass, G.E., J.A. Sorensen, B.W. Liukkonen, J.D. Allert, G. Rapp, Jr., and O.L. Loucks, "Ionic Composition of Acid Lakes in Relation to Airborne Inputs and Watershed Characteristics," Water, Air & Soil Pollution, 31:1-15.

1986 Loucks, O.L., G.E. Glass, J.A. Sorensen, B.W. Liukkonen, J. Allert, and G. Rapp, Jr., "Significance of Acidic Deposition and Watershed Characteristics for Lake Chemistry in Wisconsin," Water, Air & Soil Pollution, 31:67-77.

1985 Rapp, G., Jr., J.D. Allert, B.W. Luikkonen, J.A. Ilse, O.L. Loucks, and G.E. Glass, "Acid Deposition and Watershed Characteristics in Relation to Lake Chemistry in Northeastern Minnesota," Environment International, 11:425-440.

Geologic and Archaeological Education

1989 Rapp, G. Jr., and L. Erickson, Earth's Chemical Clues: The Story of Geochemistry, Enslow Press, 64 pages. (a secondary school textbook)

1987 Rapp, G. Jr., "Archaeological Geology," Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology, Academic Press, pp. 688-698.

1984 Rapp, G., Jr., S. C. Mulholland, J. Gifford, and S. Aschenbrenner, Laboratory Exercises for Introduction to Archaeology (with an instructor's manual), Archaeometry Laboratory, University of Minnesota, 132 p.

1977 Fenner, P., W.H. Matthews III, and G. Rapp, Jr., "GEO-Study and CEGS: A Summary and Attempt to Evaluate Impact," Journal of Geological Education, 25:46-50.

1976 Rapp, G., Jr., "Geological Sciences," pp. 286-290, Encyclopedia Britannica Yearbook of Science and the Future.

1975 Rapp, G. Jr., "Earth Sciences: Geology and Geochemistry," pp. 263-265, Encyclopedia Britannica Book of the Year: Events of 1974.

1971 Potter, N., R. Bartels, and G. Rapp, Jr., "An Annotated Bibliography of 16 mm Films Useful in College-Level Geology and Earth Science Courses," Council on Education in the Geological Sciences Programs Publication 9, 50 p.

1971 Rapp, G. Jr., Color of Minerals: Earth Science Curriculum Project Series PS?6, Houghton Mifflin Co., 30 p.

1969? Fenner, P., and G. Rapp, Jr., Series Editors, 1974.

1974 Introductory Geology Modules, McGraw-Hill. Vol. I "Dimensions of a Planet" by O.T. Hayward, et al. Vol. II "Crystallization of Magma" by R.W. Berry. Vol. III "Slope Stability" by Raymond Pestrong. Vol. IV "Estuarine Oceanography" by F.F. Wright. Vol. V "The Record of Geologic Time: A Vicarious Trip" by Dale Nations.

1967 Rapp, G., Jr., et al., "Problems in Physical Geology," special issue of the Journal of Geological Education, 15:219-279.

1961 Tullis, E., and G. Rapp, Jr., "The Face of the Territory," Chapter 2 in South Dakota Panorama, Dakota Centennial Commission.

Mineralogy

1969-70 Finger, L.W., and G. Rapp, Jr., "Refinement of the crystal structure of triphylite," Annual Report of the Director of the Geophysical Laboratory, pp. 290-293.

1968 Davis, B.L., G. Rapp, Jr., and M.J. Walawender, "Fabric and structural characteristics of the martitization process," American Journal of Science, 266:482-496.

1966 Davis, B.L., G. Rapp, Jr., and A. Posner, "Application of the Small Circle Net Method to the Study of Bone and Tooth Fabrics," Archives of Oral Biology, 11:1241-1260.

1964 Rapp, G., Jr., M.G. Willigman, and J. Patraw, "A Method for Rapid Determination of Trace Amounts of Selenium in Rocks and Soils," Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Science, 43:57-60.

1963 Rapp, G., Jr., and K. Keester, "Native Sulfur Crystals from the Badlands, South Dakota," Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Sciences, 42:57-59.

1962 Rapp, G., Jr., "Microlite from the Tin Mountain Pegmatite, South Dakota," Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Sciences, 41:44-45.

1962 Rapp, G., Jr., and H. Martin, "Sand-Barite, an Analog of Sand-Calcite, Black Hills, South Dakota," American Mineralogist, 47:1189-91.

1961 Rapp, G., Jr., and J. Weyand, "An Interesting 1-layer Lepidolite from the Hugo Pegmatite," Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Sciences, 40:149-153.