UMD LABOVITZ SCHOOL
Bureau of Business and Economic Research

Working Paper Series 1972-2007  

Paper copies of working papers are free to governmental and educational institutions.
Please contact: Bureau of Business and Economic Research, SBE 19, UMD, Duluth, MN 55812-3029; Phone: 218 726-7244; FAX: 218 726-6555.

For an Acrobat pdf version of a paper, please contact: jjacobs1@d.umn.edu

Also note other BBER funded research publications at the BBER project site.

Working Papers and BBER Project Reports with LSBE Faculty Participation, 2006

BBER Research Report
Lutsen-Tofte Tourism Information Survey, for the Lutsen-Tofte Tourism Association, 2006

BBER Research Report
Alternatives to Petroleum Based Fuel for Marine Vessels, Final Report Prepared by: Abu R. Hasan, Daniel Pope and James A. Skurla for the Great Lakes Maritime Research Institute, August 2006

BBER Research Report
Tax Systems and Barriers to Great Lakes Maritime Commerce, Final Report Prepared by: Randall K. Skalberg and James A. Skurla for the Great Lakes Maritime Research Institute, August 2006

BBER Research Report
Duluth Farmers’ Market Survey and Business Plan 2006, Duluth Market Growers and Northeast MN Sustainable Development

BBER Research Report
The Economic Impact of Constructing and Operating an Integrated Gasification Combined-Cycle Power-Generation Facility on the Iron Range, UPDATE 2006: Mesaba One Impacts, Including Appendix A: Mesaba Two Impacts, Excelsior Energy

BBER Research Report
The Economic Impact of Constructing and Operating An Integrated Gasification Combined-Cycle
Power-Generation Facility on Itasca County, Itasca Development Corporation

BBER Research Report
The Economic Impact of Constructing and Operating Minnesota Steel Industries LLC in Itasca County, Minnesota, with Appendix Material on Itasca and St. Louis County Impacts, 2006, Itasca Development Corporation

BBER Research Report
Economic Impacts of PolyMet's NorthMet Project and Other Industrial Projects of Minnesota's East Range Communities 2006, Short Elliot Hendrickson

BBER Research Report
North Shore Interpretive Centers’ Economic Influence


Working Papers and BBER Project Reports with LSBE Faculty Participation, 2005

BBER Research Report
Duluth Area Economic Development Enterprise Network System Analysis 2005; Project Partner MN Department of Employment and Economic Development

BBER Research Report
Grand Marais Harbor Expansion Impact 2005, City of Grand Marais and MN DNR

BBER Research Report
Grand Portage Alternative Energy Impact 2005


Working Papers and BBER Project Reports with LSBE Faculty Participation, 2004

BBER Research Report
Iron Range Racetrack Impact Analysis UPDATE 2004

BBER Research Report
Under, Over, and Mis-Matched Skills Employment in Northeast Minnesota 2004

BBER Research Report
Report on Survey Findings: Developing On-line LSBE Course Offerings 2004

BBER Research Report
East Central Minnesota: Social and Economic Trends and Implications, Forestry Analysis 2004


Working Papers and BBER Project Reports with LSBE Faculty Participation, 2003

BBER Research Report
Mesaba Metals, LLC Impact Study 2003

BBER Research Report
Tax Revenue Impacts and Marketing Northern Minnesota’s Iron Trail 2003

BBER Research Report
BWCAW Land Valuation Report 2003


Working Papers and BBER Project Reports with LSBE Faculty Participation, 2002

BBER Research Report
Forestry Bottleneck Analysis 2002

BBER Research Report
Trail Based Winter Sports Survey, Cook County, MN Resident Survey: Technical Report 2003 (BBER); Cook County Winter Trail-based Visitor Study (Sea Grant)

2002-1
Raymond Raab and Pradeep Kotamraju
The Efficiency of the High Technology Economy: Conventional Development Indexes Versus a Programming Approach to Development Indexes
(For a copy of this paper please see author Raab.)

Working Papers, 2001

BBER Research Report
Northeast Minnesota Labor Force Assessment; Project Partner MN Department of Trade and Economic Development

BBER Research Report
Northeast Minnesota Cluster Study 2001; Project Partner Humphrey Center State and Local Policy Center

BBER Research Report
[Northeast Minnesota Skills Assessment Project Project Partner: Minnesota Department of Economic Security]

BBER Research Report
Minnesota Power Key Customer Regional Impact Study, report, summary

2001-1

Richard Lichty, et al.

Northern Minnesota Forestry Analysis

Working Papers, 2000

2000-1
Richard Lichty, et al.
Hibbing Industries' Trends, Economic Base Update 1999 and
Data Appendix

2000-2 (forthcoming)

2000-3
Richard Lichty and Kjell Knudsen
Community Economic Development Strategic Planning:  Growth and Development, A Case Study 

2000-4
Raymond L. Raab and Ehsan H. Feroz
A Generalized Linear Programming Approach to International Production Efficiency Rankings
(For a copy of this paper please see author Raab or Feroz.)

2000-5
Jerrold M. Peterson
A Computer Simulation with Student Role Playing as a Method for Teaching a Macroeconomic Theory

Working Papers, 1999

Hibbing Business Expansion and Retention Survey Report
Hibbing Economic Base 1997, 1998, 1999, and 1999 Data Appendix

Minnesota Regional Manufacturing/Technology Opportunity Assessment

Minnesota Manufacturers' Study

99-1
Ehsan H. Feroz, Sungsoo Kim, Ilene Levin, Raymond Raab
Analytical Procedures for 2001:A Data Envelopment Analysis Approach
(For a copy of this paper please see author Raab or Feroz.)

99-2
Richard Lichty with Jean Jacobson and Arnela Smajlovic
Impact Study: Duluth Botanical Gardens/Conservatory

99-3 (renumbered from 99-2)
Raymond L. Raab, Maureen O’Brien and Pradeep Kotamraju
Optimum Skill Mix Choice and Maximizing Job Performance: Ranking Occupations Using a DEA Framework

99-4
Jerrold Peterson
A Computer Simulation of the 1999 Macroeconomy: A Prototype Simulation Model For Teaching A Macroeconomic Course

Working Papers, 1998

98-1
Rajiv Vaidyanathan Linda Rochford Paul Johansen
Faculty Use and Perceptions of the Internet in Marketing Education

98-2
Ehsan Feroz Sungsoo Kim Ilene Levin Ray Raab
Do Mergers Improve Managerial Performance? A Data Envelopment Analysis Approach
(For a copy of this paper please see author Raab or Feroz.)

98-3
Jon L. Pierce Kurt T. Dirks Tatiana Kostova
Towards a Theory of Psychological Ownership in Organizations

98-4
Jerrold Peterson
A Computer Simulation of the Great Depression: A Prototype Segment for Teaching a Macroeconomics Course

98-5
Jerrold Peterson
Product Quality and Consumer Demand Behavior: An Example of Early $25 Gold Coins

98-6
Richard Lichty and Wilbur Maki
Alternative Approaches to Thinking about Economic Development

Working Papers, 1997

97-1
Jerrold M. Peterson
Minnesota Gaming Economic Impact on Tourism

97-2
Jerrold M. Peterson
An Electronic Course in Macroeconomics: A Proptotype Text and Course

97-3
Raymond Raab, Richard Lichty, Steven Moon
Identifying Sub-Areas that Comprise a Greater Metropolitan Area: The Criterion of County Relative Efficiency

97-4
Richard Lichty
Impact of Health Services on Duluth/Superior Metropolitan Statistical Area and Projections to 2000

Working Papers, 1996

96-1
June Li Lawrence Syck*
Graduation and Retention Rates of Accounting Students

96-2
June Li
Accounting in the People's Republic of China

96-3
Richard Lichty, Wilbur Maki
Alternative Approaches to Thinking about Economic Development

96-4
Rajiv Vaidyanathan, Mark G. Brown
Affect Transfer Through Ingredient Branding: An Exploratory Empirical Evaluation

96-5
Ray Raab, Richard Lichty
An Efficiency Analysis of Minnesota Counties: A Data Envelopment Analysis Using 1993 IMPLAN Input-Output Analysis

Working Papers, 1995

95-1
Donald N. Steinnes
The Impact ofAccessibility to Indian Casinos on Other Forms of Gambling in Minnesota

95-2
Jerrold M. Peterson
Minneosota Gaming: Economic Impact on Tourism

95-3
Ehsan H. Feroz ,Stephen Haag, Raymond Raab
Economic Consequences of OSHA Cotton Dust Regulation

95-4
Jon Pierce
Organization Based Self-Esteem and Employee Performance within the Context of Employee Ownership

95-5
Jon Pierce
Psychological Ownership: Construct Genesis

95-6
Kjell Knudsen, Richard Lichty, Wayne Jesswein, Jean Jacobson, Kavita Naimpally, Jennifer Zelenak
Minnesota Manufacturers Workforce Study

REPRINT SERIES 1995

R-95-1
Linda Rochford Thomas Wotruba
New Product Development Under Changing Economic Conditions

R-95-2
Linda Rochford Thomas Wotruba
The Impact of New Product Introductions on Sales Management Strategy

Working Papers, 1994

94-1
Stephen Haag H.D. Li Raymond L. Raab William Simeone
Predicting Credit Union Failures: A Data Envelopment Analysis of Rhode Island Institutions

I92-5
Jerrold M. Peterson Richard W. Lichty Miguel A. Garcia
An Executive Summary: An Economic Impact Assessment of Potential Underground Mining in St. Louis County

92-6
Vladimir Akulov Jerrold M. Peterson
Macroeconomic Model of the Soviet Economy (in the Middle 1980s and in the Early 1990s)

92-7
Glenn O. Gronseth
A Brief Look at the Status of the Construction Industry in Duluth and Northeastern Minnesota, Volume XXXIX

92-8
Theodore Breu Ray Raab
Efficiency and Perceived Quality of the nation's Top 25 National Universities and National Liberal Arts Colleges: An Application of Data Envelopment Analysis to Higher Education

92-9
Jerrold M. Peterson
Preliminary Tourist Index

92-10
Esther Y. Gesick Donald N. Steinnes
An Analysis of Regional Differences in Racial Discrimination in the Home Mortgage Lending Industry

92-11
Glenn O. Gronseth Peggy Oltz Anand Naimpally
Duluth Employment Trends 1974-1991

92-12
Glenn O. Gronseth
A Brief Look at the Status of the Construction Industry in Duluth and Northeastern Minnesota, Volume XL

92-13
Jerrold M. Peterson Richard W. Lichty Miguel A. Garcia
An Economic Impact Assessment of NRRI on Region 3 and the State of Minnesota - An Executive Summary

92-14
Jerrold M. Peterson Richard W. Lichty Miguel A. Garcia
An Economic Impact Assessment of NRRI on Region 3 and the State of Minnesota

92-15
Jon L. Pierce
Self-Esteem and Self-Efficacy within the Organizational Context

92-16
Theodore M. Breu
Linear Programming: The Concepts without the Simplex

92017
Theodore M. Breu Stephen E. Haag Raymond L. Raab
Efficiency of 25 National Universities: An Application of Data Envelopment Analysis to Higher Education

92-18
Kjell R. Knudsen Donald G. McTavish
Interest in Going into Business in Minnesota 1987 and

1991: A Technical Report

Working Papers, 1991

91-1
Jerrold M. Peterson Gregory M. Peterson
Report Revised WLSSD District-Wide Garbage Collection Industry

91-2
Glenn O. Gronseth
A Brief Look at the Status of the Construction Industry in Duluth and Northeastern Minnesota, Volume XXXIV

91-3
Jon L. Pierce Donald Gardner Randall Dunham Larry Cummings
Organizational-Based Self-Esteem and Managerial Behaviors

91-4
Glenn O. Gronseth
Regional and State Population Employment, Unemployment, and Payroll Trends 1976-1989

91-5
Glenn O. Gronseth
A Brief Look at the Status of the Construction Industry in Duluth and Northeastern Minnesota, Volume XXXV

91-6
Jerrold d M. Peterson Gregory M. Peterson
Estimation Procedure for Pricing of WLSSD District-Wide Garbage Collection Service

91-7
Timothy D. Hogan Donald N. Steinnes
Minnesota's elderly Snowbirds: Who Are They and What Makes Them Fly?

91-8
Esther Gesick Jerrold M. Peterson Robert E. Heller Brad Christianson
Commercial Loan Officers' Attitudes Toward Lending to Small Business in Northeastern Minnesota

91-9
Raymond L. Raab Donald N. Steinnes
Economics of Scale in the north American Iron Ore (Taconite) Industry

91-10
[removed at the request of the author]

91-11
Glenn O. Gronseth
A Brief Look at the Status of the Construction Industry in Duluth and Northeastern Minnesota, Volume XXXVI

91-12
Jerrold M. Peterson
Northeast Minnesota's Regional Economy, 1980-1991

91-13
Jerrold M. Peterson
Economy Impact Analysis and Its Effect on Bureau Research

91-14
Jerrold M. Peterson Richard W. Lichty
Executive Summary: Impact of the Potential Change in the International Falls Weather Station

91-15
Jerrold M. Peterson Richard W. Lichty
Impact of the Potential Change in the international Falls Weather Station

91-16
Glenn O. Gronseth Anand Naimpally
Personal Income Change in Region # and Minnesota 1984-1989

91-17
Glenn O. Gronseth
A Brief Look at the Status of the Construction Industry in Duluth and Northeastern Minnesota, Volume XXXVII

REPRINT SERIES 1991

91-1
Jon L. Pierce Stephen A. Rubenfeld Susan Morgan
Employee Ownership: A Conceptual Model of Process and Effects

Working Papers, 1990

90-1
Jon Pierce Randall Dunham
Workforce 2000 and Job Design

90-2
Glenn O. Gronseth
A Brief Look at the Status of the Construction Industry in Duluth and Northeastern Minnesota, Volume XXXI

90-3
Ramesha Vaidya Shee Q. Wong
Stock returns, Expected Dividend, and Real Economic Activity

90-4
Jon Pierce
Duluth Police Department's Work Schedule Effects Study

90-5
Jerrold M. Peterson Richard W. Lichty Miguel Garcia
Executive Summary of the Economic Impact of a Northwest Airlines Airbus Maintenance Facility and Jet Engine Repair Facility on Minnesota, St. Louis County, and Duluth

90-6
Brad Christians
A Ten-Sector Input-Output Table for St. Louis County

90-7
Jerrold M. Peterson
Cache Location Evaluation

90-8
Glenn O. Gronseth
A Brief Look at the Status of the Construction Industry in Duluth and Northeastern Minnesota, Volume XXX

90-9
Raymond L. Raab
The Economic Value of Water Recreation in Minnesota

90-10
Jerrold M. Peterson
Duluth Residential Garbage Collection Industry: A Case Study of Price Regulation

90-11
Jerrold M. Peterson
The Economics of the 990 Duluth School Bond Issue

90-12
A. Maureen O'Brien Patricia A. Merrier
The Formal and Informal Utilization of Temporary Office Workers in a Local Economy

90-13
Glenn O. Gronseth
A Brief Look at the Status of the Construction Industry

90-14
Jerrold M. Peterson Gregory M. Peterson
Report WLSSD District-Wide Garbage Collection Industry

90-15
Glenn O. Gronseth
A Brief Look at the Status of the Construction Industry in Duluth and Northeastern Minnesota, Volume XXXIII

REPRINT SERIES 1990

R-90-1
Jon L. Pierce Candace A. Furo
Employee Ownership: Implications for Management

Working Papers, 1989

89-1
Pradeep Kotamraju
Why Child Care in Duluth May Not be Two-Tiered: A Study Using Licensed Child Care

89-2
Jerrold M. Peterson
A Brief Estimate of the Impact of a Firm in the Outdoor Advertising Industry on the Duluth Economy

89-3
Mark L. Lengnick-Hall
The Effects of Group Process on Bias Job Evaluation

89-4
Glenn O. Gronseth
A Brief Look at the Status of the Construction Industry in Duluth and Northeastern Minnesota, Vol. XXVI

89-5
Jerrold M. Peterson
Economic Impact of the Minnesota Nursing Home industry

89-6
Donald N. Steinnes
Measuring the Economic Value of Water Quality

89-7
Peter M. Banting Paul A. Dion Loretta M. Hasey
Buying Just-In-Time: Some Practical Outcomes for Buyers

89-8
Henry B. Person
Review of Analytic and Simulation Studies of Just-In-Time Systems with Hanbans

89-9
Kjell R. Knudsen Donald G. McTavish
Modeling Interest in Entrepreneurship Implications for Business Development

89-10
A. Maureen O'Brien Richard W. Lichty
Industrial Structure & Economic Growth: Simulating the Cumulative Causation Hypothesis

89-11
Richard W. Lichty Mike McDonald Charles F. Lamphear
An Ecological and Socio-Economic System for Lake Superior

89-12
Cynthia A. Lengnick-Hall
Risk & Innovation: A Perspective on Choices & Consequences

89-13
Jerrold M. Peterson
Some Economic Considerations of the Duluth School Bond Issue

89-14
Jennette M. Mueller-Alexander
Subject Index 2: Research Bureau Working Paper Series:  Part 1   Part 2

89-15
Jerrold M. Peterson
A Policy Assessment of Duluth's Downtown Parking Program

89-16
Glenn O. Gronseth
A Brief Look at the Status of the Construction Industry in Duluth and Northeastern Minnesota, Vol. XXVII

89-17
Donald N. Steinnes Timothy D. Hogan
Elderly Migration to the Sunbelt: Seasonal vs. Permanent

89-18
Donald N. Steinnes Raymond L. Raab
Vertical Integration & Price Flexibility in the Minnesota Taconite Industry

89-19
Richard W. Lichty Miguel Garcia Jerrold M. Peterson
Impact Assessment of Expansion of Paper Facility on Grand Rapids Region

89-20
Mark L. Lengnick-Hall Cynthia A. Lengnick-Hall
Who is Responsible for Effective Participative Decision-Making? Individual & Organizational Obligations

89-21
Hyung K. Kim Shee Q. Wong
The Causal Relationship Between the U.S. & Japanese Equity Markets

89-22
Miguel Garcia Richard W. Lichty
The Industrial Minerals Industry in Minnesota

89-23
Glenn O. Gronseth
A Brief Look at the Status of the Construction Industry in Duluth and Northeastern Minnesota, Volume XXVIII

89-24
Jerrold M. Peterson Teresa Hines
An Estimate of the Economic Impact of UMD Summer Seniors Industry in Duluth

89-25
Glenn O. Gronseth
A Brief Look at the Status of the Construction Industry in Duluth and Northeastern Minnesota, Volume XXIX

89-26
Donald N. Steinnes Timothy D. Hogan
Take the Money and Sun: Elderly Migration as a Consequence of Gains in Unaffordable Housing Markets

89-27
Robert D. Baeumler
Socio-Economic Accounting: A Case for Social Audit

89-28
Donald N. Steinnes
Creation of Duluth Housing/Real Estate Indices

Working Papers, 1988

88-1
Glenn O. Gronseth
A Brief Look at the Status of the Construction Industry in Duluth and Northeastern Minnesota, Volume XXII

88-2
Jerrold M. Peterson Carol A Darling
Use of Human Capital Theory in Estimating the Value of Life of a Young Male Adult

88-3
Maureen O'Brien
Some Social Costs of Unemployment: A Regression Analysis

88-4
John W. Boyer
Relocation of Bargaining Unit Work - Recent Development

88-5
John W. Boyer
The Lingering Impact of Chapter 11 on Collective Bargaining: Bildisco and Its Aftermath

88-6
Mark L. Lengnick-Hall Cynthia A. Lengnick-Hall
BARS Technology: Application in Management Education

88-8
Kjell R. Knudsen Tait Elder
Creating Jobs by Enabling Small Companies to Venture

88-9
Paul A. Dion
Adaptive Selling, Buyer-Seller Similarity and Intermediate Sales Goals: A Causal Path Analysis

88-10
Paul A. Dion Barton Weitz
Buyer-Seller Similarity and Sales: A New Approach

88-11
Glenn O. Gronseth
XA Brief Look at the Status of the Construction Industry in Duluth and Northeastern Minnesota, Volume XIII

88-12
Maureen A. O'Brien Shee Q. Wong
Intercity Variations in Mortgage Composition

88-13
Glenn O. Gronseth
Regional Population, Employment, Unemployment and Payroll Trends

88-14
Donald N. Steinnes
Tourism Research Inventory

88-15
Mark L. Lengnick-Hall Cynthia A. Lengnick-Hall
Errors in Employment Screening: Who Should Bear the Risk?

88-16
Glenn O. Gronseth
A Brief Look at the Status of the Construction Industry in Duluth and Northeastern Minnesota, Volume XIV

88-17
Jerrold M. Peterson
Duluth and Regional Economy, 1988-Future

88-18
Cynthia A. Lengnick-Hall
Efficient Innovation Structural Paradox or Source of Competitive Advantage?

88-19
Kjell R. Knudsen Donald G. McTavish
Interest in Venturing in Minnesota

88-22
Kjell R. Knudsen Tait Elder
Strategic Decision-Making by Small Businesses: Enrichment of the Process

88-23
Jerrold M. Peterson
After the Election: Some Financial Speculation for the 1990s

88-24
Glenn O. Gronseth
A Brief Look at the Status of the Construction Industry in Duluth and Northeastern Minnesota, Volume XV

88-25
Henry B. Person
A Value-Added Approach to Estimating After-Tax Manufacturing Income in Minnesota

88-26
Richard W. Lichty Raymond L. Raab
Assessing Forest Industry Trends in Northeastern Minnesota: The TAM Model

88-27
Thomas B. .Duff
Report on a Pilot Study to Determine What Types of Tasks are Done on Mainframe and/or Microcomputers by Members of Business Related Professional Associations with Implications for Higher Education

Working Papers, 1987

87-1
Glenn O. Gronseth
A Brief Look at the Status of the Construction Industry in Duluth and Northeastern Minnesota, Vol. XVIII

87-2
Jon L. Pierce Donald G. Gardner Larry L. Cummings Randall B. Dunham
Organization-Based Self-Esteem: Construct Definition, Operationalization, and Validation

87-3
Ronald H. Dysvick Richard W. Lichty
An Analysis of Factors Affecting the Levels of Retail Sales in Winnipeg, Ontario, and Sydney, Nova Scotia, Canada: A Threshold Analysis: Working Paper    Appendix

87-4
Cynthia A. Lengnick-Hall Paul D. Collins
Toward a Contingency Theory of Innovation Strategies

87-5
Jon L. Pierce Stephen A. Rubenfeld Susan Morgan
Employee Ownership: Process and Consequence

87-6
Jerrold M. Peterson
Economic Simulation and Its Implications for Teaching Economics Policy Courses

87-7
Glenn O. Gronseth
Personal Income Change in Region 3 and Minnesota, 1976-1984

87-8
Jon L. Pierce Stephen A. Rubenfeld Susan Morgan
Employee Ownership: a Field Study

87-9
Richard W. Lichty
An Approach Towards Simulating Links Between Minnesota's Economy and the Supply and Demand for Minnesota's Water

87-10
Richard W. Lichty
Preliminary Analysis of the Impact of an Aircraft Manufacturing Facility on the Economy of Northeast Minnesota

87-11
Curt L. Anderson Miguel L. Garcia Richard W. Lichty
Water Analysis: a Systems Approach Incorporating Linear Programming

87-12
Glenn O. Gronseth
A Brief Look at the Status of the Construction Industry in Duluth and Northeastern Minnesota, Volume XIX

87-13, 14, 15
Richard W. Lichty
(IP) Valuing Minnesota's Water Resources, Volume 1, 2, 3

87-16
Raymond L. Raab Donald N. Steinnes
Vertical Joint Ventures and Rationalization of the Minnesota Taconite Industry

87-17
Richard W. Lichty Barbara A. Flannery
Analyzing Housing Demand in Northeast Minnesota and Duluth: Three Scenarios

87-18
Glenn O. Gronseth
A Brief Look at the Status of the Construction Industry in Duluth and Northeastern Minnesota, Vol. XX

87-19
Maureen O'Brien Shee Q. Wong
The Choices Between Fixed and Variable Rate Mortgages: Evidence from National Data

87-20
Jon L. Pierce Candace A. Furo
The Design and Management of an Employee Ownership System: A Case for the Small Business

87-21
Glenn O. Gronseth
Regional Population, Employment, Unemployment and Payroll Trends 1976-1985

87-22
Glenn O. Gronseth
A Brief Look at the Status of the Construction Industry in Duluth and Northeastern Minnesota, Volume XXII

87-23
Maureen A. O'Brien Richard W. Lichty Kai H. Lim
The Analysis of Labor Production Effects on Regional Growth

Working Papers, 1986

86-1
Richard W. Lichty Wayne A. Jesswein
The Economic Impact of A New Pulp and Paper Facility on Northeast Minnesota

86-2
Richard W. Lichty Dennis Bradley David M. McMillan
Economic Impacts from Local Wood Energy Substitution for Imported Fossil Fuels

86-3
Jon L. Pierce Donald G. McTavish Kjell R. Knudsen
The Measurement of Job Characteristics: A Content and Contextual Analytic Look at Scale Validity

86-4
Paul A. Dion Ted Mitchell
Alternative Views of the Buyer-Seller Interaction Process: The Sales and Trader Models

86-5
Paul A. Dion
Do Sales Objectives Get Buyers a Better Bargain?

86-6
Glenn O. Gronseth
A Brief Look at the status of the Construction Industry in Duluth and Northeastern Minnesota, Vol. XIV.

86-7
Jon L. Pierce
The Management-Employee Climate and Its Impact upon the Employee's Organizational Self-Esteem

86-8
Cynthia A. Lengnick-Hall
A Reassessment of Strategy-Structure Fit: Parallel Achievement Versus Reconciliation

86-9
Donald N. Steinnes
University Infrastructure and Economic Development in the Small City

86-10
Shee Q. Wong
The Lucas Critique: Time Series Evidence

86-11
Pradeep Kotamraju
Subsistence Economics & Ecological Irreversibilities: The Case of Subsistence Fuels in India

86-12
Thomas J. Wood
An Assessment of Tourism Marketing Programs in Greater Ely, Minnesota

86-13
Shee Q. Wong
Cyclically Adjusted Federal Budget and Policy Effectiveness

86-14
Pradeep Kotamraju
A Comparative Analysis of Subsistence Energy Use and Supply in Indian Villages

86-15
Maureen A. O'Brien Donald N. Steinnes
The Gender Effect of Unisex Pension Benefits: Will the Supreme Court Decision be Torn Asunder?

86-16
Maureen A. O'Brien Pam Marett
A Comparison of Labor Relations in the United States and United Kingdom: The Case of the Air Traffic Controllers

86-17
Glenn O. Gronseth
A Brief Look at the Status of the Construction Industry in Duluth and Northeastern Minnesota, Vol. XV.

86-18
Wayne A. Jesswein James A. Skurla Patricia Q. Dalton Michael C. Larson
A Profile of the Minnesota Angler

86-19
Curt L. Anderson
Attractiveness and Identification Measures for Tourists Sites in Northeastern Minnesota

86-20
Kjell R. Knudsen Donald G. McTavish Debbie Felt
Management Perspectives

86-21
Thomas J. Wood Margery MacLachlan Tammy Johnson Jane Seybolt
Minnesota Private Campgrounds 1985 Assessment

86-22
Thomas J. Wood Anne Medina
An Information Manual of Minnesota County Fairs, Vol. II., 1986

86-23
Donald N. Steinnes
Tourism, Forecasting, and the Death of OPEC

86-24
Jerrold M. Peterson
Theoretical Implications of Water Quality on the Household Demand for Water

86-25
Thomas J. Wood Margery MacLachlan Tammy Johnson
Minnesota Municipal and County Campgrounds, 1985 Assessment

86-26
Richard W. Lichty Curt L. Anderson
Assessing the Value of Water: Some Alternatives

86-27
Richard W. Lichty
Using Economic Simulation Techniques in Housing Analysis

86-28
Patricia Q. Dalton Miguel L. Garcia
Assessing the Value of Water in Minnesota: Model Characteristic

86-29
Glenn O. Gronseth
A Brief Look at the Status of the Construction Industry in Duluth and and Northeastern Minnesota, Vol. XVI

86-30
Donald N. Steinnes
Government Investment and Economic Growth: A Dynamic Approach

86-31
Candace A. Furo Kjell R. Knudsen Jon L. Pierce
Predictors of Small Business Effectiveness: A Managerial Approach

86-32
Glenn O. Gronseth
Regional Population, Employment, Unemployment Trends, 1976-1984

86-33
Donald N. Steinnes
The Changing Role of the Business School in Local Economic Development

86-34
Richard O. Sielaff
Consumer Preferences for Cooperative Retail Marketing

86-35
Glenn O. Gronseth
A Brief Look at the Status of the Construction Industry in Duluth and and Northeastern Minnesota, Vol. XVII

86-36
Donald N. Steinnes
Duluth Retail Sales (1985-86): On Understanding the New System

86-37
Raymond L. Raab Shee Q. Wong
Causality and the Concentration Profits Controversy

86-38
Tapan K. Mallik
An Synchronous Parallel Algorithm for the Minimum Spanning Tree Problem

86-39
Jerrold M. Peterson
Implication of Changing Monetary Policy on National Industry Forecasts

REPRINT SERIES, 1986

R-86-1
Jon L. Pierce Randall B. Dunham
Attitudes Toward Work Schedules: Construct Definition, Instrument Development, and Validation

R-86-2
Jon L. Pierce Kjell R. Knudsen Donald G. McTavish
the Measurement of Job Characteristics: A Content and Contextual Analytic Look at Scale Validity

Working Papers, 1985

85-1
Glenn O. Gronseth
A Brief Look at the Status of the Construction Industry in Duluth and Northeastern Minnesota, Vol. X

85-2
Donald N. Steinnes
Subsidizing Natural Resource Economic Development: A Benefit-Cost Approach

85-3
Curt L. Anderson
A Preliminary Assessment of Northeastern Minnesota's Tourism Needs and Potential

85-4
Kjell R. Knudsen Donald G. McTavish Johan G. Aamodt
The Strategic Management and Organization Laboratory

85-5
Jon L. Pierce Kjell R. Knudsen John Hawley
Organizational Self-Esteem: Construct and Scale Introduction

85-6
Dennis Strouble Stephen Rubenfeld
The Uneasy Alliance Between Employers and the Job Service

85-7
LeAnn Borchert Donine Dunphy Inese Holte
Potential Utilization of Tourism-Oriented Small Businesses in NE MN by the Disabled

85-8
Thomas J. Wood Jane Seybolt LeAnn Borchert Becky Brown Margery MacLachlan
Visitor Trend Analysis Indian Point Campground Duluth, MN

85-9
Thomas J. Wood
Analysis of the Economic Impact of Travel on Minnesota Counties for 1983

85-10
Glenn O. Gronseth
Changes in Population & Employment, Unemployment & Wages by Industry in Region 3 & Minnesota, 1976-1983

85-11
John W. Newstrom Stephen Rubenfeld
The Role of Feedback & Disclosure in Shaping Work Relationships

85-12
Ted J. Mitchell Paul A. Dion
The Choice of 'Take it of Leave It' Positions

85-13
Glenn O. Gronseth
A Brief Look at the Status of the Construction Industry in Duluth and Northeastern Minnesota, Vol. XI

85-14
Jerrold M. Peterson
Scarce Capital for Northeastern Minnesota Development

85-15
Thomas J. Wood
Trend in the Camping Industry

85-16
Donald N. Steinnes Shee Q. Wong
Forecasting State Tax Revenues: A Simple Alternative

85-17
Donald M. Stauty LeAnn Borchert Jane Seybolt
Cross-Country Skier Trends and Profiles

85-18
Donald N. Steinnes
On Using Local Economic Indicators to Forecast the Demand for Hospital Services

85-19
Gregory B. Stone Stephen A. Rubenfeld
The Role of Foreign Language Training in Internationalizing the Business Curriculum

85-20
Jackie Bluhm
An Informational Manual of Minnesota County Fairs (1985)

85-21
Glenn O. Gronseth
A Brief Look at the Status of the Construction Industry in Duluth and Northeastern Minnesota, Vol. XII

85-22
Glenn O. Gronseth
A Brief Look at the Status of the Construction Industry in Duluth and Northeastern Minnesota, Vol. XIII

85-23
Shee Q. Wong
Forecasting the Duluth Business Index (DBI): A Box-Jenkins Approach

Working Papers, 1984

84-1
Glenn O. Gronseth
Changes in Population and Employment, Unemployment and Wages, by Industry in Region 3 and Minnesota, 1976-1982

84-2
Glenn O. Gronseth
A Brief Look at the Status of the Construction Industry in Duluth and Northeastern Minnesota, Vol. VI

84-3
Paul E. Junk
Differential Geographic Impact of Oil Pricing Policies on the Cost of Electric Power

84-4
Richard W. Lichty David J. McMillan
The Economic Impact of the Natural resources Research Institute on Northeastern Minnesota

84-5
Jon L. Pierce Randall B. Dunham
Antecedents and Outcomes of Organizational Commitment: A Constructive Replication

84-6
Glenn O. Gronseth
A Brief Look at the Status of the Construction Industry in Duluth and Northeastern Minnesota, Vol. VII

84-7
Richard W. Lichty Donald N. Steinnes David A. Vose
Strategic Planning of Economic Development Based on an Analysis of Extent and Pattern of Importation

84-8
Richard W. Lichty David J. McMillan*
Analyzing Local Industrial Development Potential

84-9
Richard W. Lichty David J. McMillan*
Analyzing Local Industrial Development Potential. the Region's Commercial and Industrial Structure

84-10
Glenn O. Gronseth
A Brief Look at the Status of the Construction Industry in Duluth and Northeastern Minnesota, Vol. VIII

84-11
Mary B. Koski Fawzi G. Dimian
Relationship Between Levels of Employee Computer Usage and Job Satisfaction

84-12
Donald W. Ireland Thomas J. Wood Matthew K. Fust
The Impact of Tourism and Recreation in Mora and Kanabec County

84-13
John W. Newstrom
A Role-Taker/Time Differentiated Integration of Transfer Strategies
84-14
Glenn O. Gronseth
Personal Income Changes in Region 3 and Minnesota 1975-1982

84-15
Glenn O. Gronseth
A Brief Look at the Status of the Construction industry in Duluth and Northeastern Minnesota, Vol. IX

84-16
Jerrold M. Peterson James A. Skurla Michael C. Larson Frances Wong*
Estimating the Short-Term Demand for Biomass as an Energy Source in Lower Great Lakes

84-17
Thomas J. Wood
Economic Impact Analysis of a Scientific/Educational Group Trip to Costa Rica

Working Papers,  1984

R-84-1
Jon L. Pierce Randall B. Dunham L.L. Cummings
Sources of Environmental Structuring and Participant Responses

R-84-2
Jon L. Pierce
Job Design & Technology: A Socio-Technical Systems Perspective

Working Papers, 1983

83-1
Fawzi G. Dimian
Index of Microcomputer-Based Account Software Vendors and Literature

Henry B. Person
on File in the Department of Accounting

83-2
Jerrold M. Peterson
Economic Factors Associated with the Development of Minnesota's Natural Resources, Particularly Mining, Forestry and Tourism

83-3
Donald N. Steinnes
Business Climax, Tax Incentives and Economic Development: Myth or Reality?

83-4
Raymond L. Raab
Statistical Determinants of Several Retail Activities for Various Homogeneous Regions in the State of Minnesota

83-5
Glenn O. Gronseth
A Brief Look at the Status of the Construction Industry in Duluth and Northeastern Minnesota, Vol. II

83-6
Stephen Rubenfield
Today's Contract Concession: Tomorrow's Impact

83-7
Glenn O. Gronseth
Population and Covered Employment Change, by Industry 1976-81

83-8
Glenn O. Gronseth
A Brief Look at the Status of the Construction Industry in Duluth and Northeastern Minnesota, Vol. III

83-9
Sherry Marlow Ratan*
A Study of the Convention/Conference and Camp Business on College Campuses

83-10
Jerrold M. Peterson with David Lee
Estimating the Long-and Short-Run Demand for Forest Residues as an Energy Source in Northeastern Minnesota

83-11
Curt L. Anderson
Regional Resource Depletion and Exploration

83-12
Raymond L. Raab John Adams
Fisheries Management and Economic Development in Belize: A Suggested Data Base for Fisheries Management Issues

83-13
Jerrold M. Peterson John M. Charnes*
Duluth Retail Market Analysis

83-14
David W. Lee*
UMD Comparison to the MEPD Biennial Report

83-15
Glenn O. Gronseth
A Brief Look at the Status of the Construction Industry in Duluth and Northeastern Minnesota, Vol. IV

83-16
Jerrold M. Peterson John M. Charnes Tim J. Allen
Summary of Duluth Retail Market Analysis

83-17
Jerrold M. Peterson Tim J. Allen John Charnes
Survey of Employees in Region 3 of Northeast Minnesota

83-18
Richard O. Sielaff Teresa DeYoe Linda Goetz Ruth Ann Megorden Janet Quesenberry
Duluth Area Family Y.M.C.A. Membership Survey

83-19
Richard W. Lichty David J. McMillon Peter Stenberg
Estimating the Economic Impacts from an Expanded Waferboard Industry in Northeastern Minnesota

83-20
Jerrold M. Peterson
Research Organization During Financial Exigency - A Case Study

83-21
Glenn O. Gronseth
A Brief Look at the Status of the construction Industry in Duluth and Northeastern Minnesota, Volume V

83-22
David J. McMillan Richard W. Lichty
The Economic importance of the Health Services Sector to the Duluth Area

REPRINT SERIES, 1983

R-83-1
Jon L. Pierce John W. Newstrom
Employee Responses to Flexible Work Schedules: An Inter-Organization, Inter-System Comparison

R-83-2
Jon L. Pierce John W. Newstrom
Toward a Conceptual Clarification of Employee Responses to Flexible Working Hours: A Work Adjustment Approach

R-83-3
Jon L. Pierce John W. Newstrom*
The Design of Flexible Work Schedules and Employee Responses: Relationships and Process

R-83-4
Randall B. Dunham Jon L. Pierce John W. Newstrom*
Job Context and Job Content: A Conceptual Perspective

Working Papers, 1982

82-1
Jerrold M. Peterson*
Economic Feasibility Study for First State Bank of Stewart

82-2
Barbara A. Flannery
Housing, Neighborhood, and Community Satisfaction of Elderly Residents of Government Subsidized Housing

82-3
Richard W. Lichty
Development and Application of an Input-Output Simulation Model

Barbara Flannery Pam Peterson
for Forest Industry Development in Northeastern Minnesota

82-4
Raymond L. Raab John E. Adams
The Impact of Ceiling Prices in Fish Markets in Several Belizean Communities

82-5
Stephen J. Krompotich*
The Owners of Non-Industrial Private Forests and Their Land of Minnesota; Aspen-Birch Unit, 1980

82-6
Diane O. Kuhlman Jon L. Pierce
Flexible Working Hours and the Acceptance of Employment by Non-Working Mothers

82-7
Gary Lee Cleveland Fawzi G. Dimian*
The Design and Implementation of a Standard Cost System for Electrical Construction in the Iron Mining Industry

82-8
David B. Hamalainen Theodore M. Breu*
A Preliminary Benefit Analysis of the Maintenance Manpower in the Ore Dressing Department of a Taconite Plant

82-9
Glenn O. Gronseth
A Brief Look at the Status of the Construction Industry in Duluth and Northeastern Minnesota

82-10
Richard W. Lichty Thomas Duff
Designing an Economic Course for Teachers Using a National/Regional Perspective

82-11
Richard W. Lichty Barbara Flannery Peter Stenberg
Simlab Users Guide

82-12
Patricia A. Merrier
Word Processing Testing Procedure Survey

82-13
Pam Peterson Richard W. Lichty
Particleboard: A Brief Overview

Working Papers, 1981

81-1
Donald N. Steinnes
Causality Suburbanization and the 'Mailing of America'

81-2
Ming-Lau Chong
Duluth Tourist Index

81-3
Philip L. Friest Edwin Kallio
Direct Economic Impact, Primary Forest Products Industry, Seven County Arrowhead, Region, Northeastern Minnesota

81-4
Richard W. Lichty
Supply Side and Education

81-5
Jerrold M. Peterson
Economic Evaluation of Spirit Mountain's Summer Operations

81-6
Richard W. Lichty Patrick K. Doty
Consistent Forecasting for Major State Industrial Sectors: The Case of Raymond L. Raab the Paper Industry in Minnesota During the 1980s

81-7
Philip L. Friest Edwin Kallio
Direct Economic Impact, Primary Forest Products Industry, Seven County Arrowhead Region, Northeastern Minnesota

81-8
Raymond L. Raab Richard W. Lichty
Consistent Forecasting for Major State Industrial Sectors: The Case of Mineral Development in Minnesota During the 1980s

81-9
Richard O. Sielaff
Duluth Magazine Attitude Survey May 1981

81-10
Jerrold M. Peterson Wayne A Jesswein Richard W. Lichty Wilbur Maki Kenneth Reid
Estimating the Direct and Indirect Impacts of Direct Reduction of Steel for Northeastern Minnesota

81-11
Richard W. Lichty
How to Measure the Impact of an FPU Program

81-12
Jerrold M. Peterson Wayne A. Jesswein Richard W. Lichty Wilbur Maki Kenneth Reid*
Estimating the Direct and Indirect Impact of Direct Reduction and Steelmaking in Northeastern Minnesota

81-13
Jon L. Pierce
Hours of Work Satisfaction as a Job Scope-Employee Response Moderator

81-14
M. Geiger L. Yount*
Corporate Giving Potential: A Model for Planned Financial Support for United Way

81-15
Richard W. Lichty Wayne A. Jesswein
The 1980-81 Impact of UMD on the Duluth-Superior Growth Center Region

81-16
Jerrold M. Peterson Wayne A. Jesswein Richard W. Lichty Wilbur R. Maki Kenneth J. Reid
Estimating the Economic Impact of Direct Reduction and Steelmaking for Northeastern Minnesota with UFll Capacity Taconite Production

81-17
Jerrold M. Peterson
Direct Spending Impact of AMTRAK Riders on the Duluth Economy

81-18*
Jerrold M. Peterson Don Batkin Ronald Huch Donald Steinnes Jim Skurla Katherine Pontillo George Agriesti Chris Mahaio Cindy Rogers Jane Seybolt
West End Market Analysis

REPRINT SERIES, 1981

R-81-1
Raymond L. Raab Richard W. Lichty
Management Decisions Regarding Primary School Choosings: A Cost Analysis

Working Papers, 1980

80-1
William A. Fleischman Richard W. Lichty Marilyn B. Atsatt*
Review of Socio-Economic Studies of Northeast Minnesota as a Basis for Planning and Development

80-2
Jon L. Pierce John W. Newstrom
Toward a Conceptual Clarification of Employee Responses to Flexible Working Hours: A Work Adjustment Approach

80-3
Raymond L. Raab
Dominant Firm Market Share and Economic Performance

80-5
Richard O. Sielaff
Duluth-Spirit Mountain Skiing and Tourism Study, December, 1979. Vol. II. Duluth Skiing Households

80-6
Jerrold M. Peterson Glenn O. Gronseth Pat Lau
Development of A Regional Business Index. A Case Study of the ARBI

80-7
Raymond L. Raab Donald N. Steinnes
Recreational Angler Success: An Economic Analysis

80-8
Patricia D. Corner
A Benefit-Cost Analysis of Air Pollution Control Equipment Used on the Western Iron Range of Northern Minnesota

80-9
Jon L. Pierce John W. Newstrom
Discretionary Time and Employee Behavior, Motivation, Organizational Attachment, and Satisfaction

80-10
Rebecca Priscilla Judge*
An Analysis of the Costs of Dutch Elm Disease Control in Minnesota Municipalities with Recommendations for Disease Control Funding Levels

80-11
Jon L. Pierce John W. Newstrom
Employee Responses top Flexible Work Schedules: An Inter-Organization, Inter-System Comparison

80-12
Jon L. Pierce
Flexible Work Schedule Dimensions, Perceived Time, Autonomy and Employee Responses

80-13
Jerrold M. Peterson
Festival of the Arts Survey

80-14
Anthony F. Herbst Hyung K. Kim
World Trade Patterns and the OPEC Shock: An Input-Output Study

80-15
Jerrold M.. Peterson
Development of Local Area tourist Index

80-16
Jon L. Pierce
Technology, Social system Structure and Employee Job Design Perceptions

REPRINT SERIES, 1980

R-80-1
Jerrold M. Peterson David A. Vose
On the Theory of an Optimal Environmental Policy

R-80-2
Raymond L. Raab Richard W. Lichty
Declining Enrollments, Scale of Operation and Primary School Costs

R-80-3
Jon L. Pierce
Job Design in Perspective

Working Papers, 1979

79-1
Jerrold M. Peterson William Benson
Duluth Convention Visitor Survey, 1977

79-2
Jerrold M. Peterson
Duluth Tourist Survey, 1978

79-3
Jon L. Pierce
Technology and Job Design: An Exploratory Examination of Employee Absenteeism, Performance and Work Satisfaction

79-4
Jon L. Pierce
Job Design, Technology and Social System Structure: A Technostructural Perspective

79-5
Raymond L. Raab Donald N. Steinnes
The Economics of Smelting as a Recreational Activity

79-6
Jerrold M. Peterson Richard W. Lichty
Pollution, Profits and Political Response

79-7
Raymond L. Raab Richard W. Lichty
Declining Enrollments, Scale of Operation and Primary School Costs

79-8
Richard W. Lichty Donald N. Steinnes Mark Donaldson
Estimating Resource and Tourism Components in Rural Economic Development

79-9
Richard W. Lichty William G. Fleischman
The Socio-Economic Impact of the BWCA Legislation: A Proposal

79-10
Richard W. Lichty Donald N. Steinnes*
Copper-Nickel Studies

79-11
Jerrold M. Peterson Wayne A. Jesswein
Historical Development of Time in Macroeconomic Models

79-12
Jon L. Pierce
Job Design in Perspective

79-13
Donald N. Steinnes
A Simultaneous Hedonic Model of Prices and Assessments of SingleFamily Homes

79-14
Richard O. Sielaff
Duluth-Spirit Mt.. Skiing and Tourism Study. Vol. I, Mpls.- St. Paul

REPRINT SERIES 1979

R-79-1
John W. Boyer, Jr.
Alcoholism in Discipline: A Dilemma in Arbitration

R-79-2
Jon L. Pierce
Social Systems Structure, Job Design, and Growth Need Strength: A

Randall B. Dunham Richard S. Blackburn*
Test of a Congruency Model

R-79-3
Richard W. Lichty Jerrold M. Peterson
Pure Competition, Monopoly and the Control of Energy Prices: A Comment

Working Papers, 1978

78-6
Jon L. Pierce L.L. Cummings Randall Dunham
Employee Responses to work Unit Structure and Job Design: A Comparative Examination of Two Construct Models

78-7
Jon L. Pierce John W. Newstrom Diane O. Kuhlman
An Annotated Review of Alternative Work Schedule: Part 1   Part 2

REPRINT SERIES, 1978

R-78-1
Wayne A. Jesswein Richard W. Lichty
Economic impact of an Airbase on the Duluth-Superior Area

R-78-2
Jon L. Pierce
The Measurement of Perceived Job Characteristics: The Job Diagnostic Survey Versus the Job Characteristics Inventory

R-78-3
John W. Boyer
Management's Changing World of Work

R-78-4
Jon L. Pierce Randall B. Dunham
Measurement Problems-Job Design, Technology & Organization Structure

Working Papers, 1977

77-1
Jon L. Pierce L.L. Cummings
Reliability: A Tutorial Note

77-2
Theodore M. Breu
Multiple Descriminant Analysis of Factors Influencing the Location of Physician Practices

77-3
Donald N. Steinnes Richard W. Snow
The Potential of Population Density and Positive Rent Gradients

77-4
Jerrold M. Peterson Richard W. Lichty
Benefit -Cost Analysis of a Regional Energy Strategy; UMD Coal Gasification

77-5
Jerrold M. Peterson David L. Vose
On the Theory of Social Costs and Environmental Decisioning

1977
Jon L. Pierce
Measurement Problems - Job Design Technology & Organization Structure

1977
Jerrold M. Peterson**
Estimating an Effluent Charge: The Reserve Mining Case

REPRINT SERIES, 1977

R-77-1
Jerrold M. Peterson
Estimating an Effluent Charge: The Reserve Mining Case

Working Papers, previous to 1976

(1976)
Jerrold M. Peterson
Duluth Water Filtration - an Analysis of the Decision

NO DATE
Jerrold M. Peterson David L. Vose
On the Theory of an Optimal Environmental Policy

(1975)
Jerrold M. Peterson
Benefit Cost Analysis - A necessary Part of Environmental Decisioning

(1972)
Wayne A. Jesswein
Report on the Interviews of Various State, Regional, and Local Government Agencies

NO DATE
Wayne A. Jesswein Richard W. Lichty
The Interindustry Impact of Reserve Mining Co. on the Arrowhead Region of N.E. MN Plus Douglas County, WI

NO DATE
Wayne A. Jesswein Richard W. Lichty
Economic Impact of an Air Base on the Duluth Superior Region

NO DATE
Jerrold M. Peterson Richard W. Lichty
Some Strategies for Environmental Remediation

NO DATE
Jerrold M. Peterson Richard W. Lichty
Taxes, Quotas and Environmental Policies: A Comment on Economic Efficiency

  * Special circumstances apply to these working papers please for more information contact B.B.E.R.

** These working papers are currently unavailable

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Last updated:  08/22/02