Department of Chemical Engineering

   The material safety data sheet (MSDS) is the most common way that product hazard information is made available by manufacturers. The information required to satisfy the requirements of the Minnesota Employee Right-To-Know Law is comparable to the information found on a completed MSDS so that with the following information, you, as an employee, can be better prepared to assess the data provided to you on hazardous substances to which you are routinely exposed.

   Section One of the MSDS provides basic information on the manufacturer and identification of the product in question.

Trade Name  The trademark name or commercial name for a material. For example, household bleach (sodium hypochlorite solution) is known by a variety of trade names, including HILEX^R and CHLOROX^R.

Chemical Name and Synonyms  This should refer only to products consisting of a single element or compound, such as oxygen or methyl alcohol. Examples of synonyms for methyl alcohol are methanol and wood alcohol.

Chemical Family  A group of single elements or compounds with a common general name. Bromine and chlorine are examples of halogens. Acetone and methyl ethyl ketone are examples of ketones.

CAS Name and CAS Registry Number  The name and unique identification number for the material utilized by the Chemical Abstracts Service.

Manufacturer's Name and Address*nbsp; The manufacturer listed is provided for informational purposes only. The chemicals listed in this compilation of MSDS forms are, in general, available from more than one source, and inclusion of a manufacturer is not an endorsement by the University of Minnesota for a particular manufacturer.

Emergency Telephone Number  This number is used to obtain further information from the manufacturer listed above. Emergency information is also available from the Department of Environmental Health and Safety (626-6002) during business hours.

SECTION II
HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS

   This section contains information on the hazardous ingredients contained in the product. Hazardous substances have been defined in the Right-To-Know Law. As defined by the law, a "hazardous substance" means a chemical or substance, or mixture of chemicals or substances which:

1. is regulated by the Federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration under Title 29 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Part 1910, subpart Z;
   
   
2. is either toxic or highly toxic, an irritant, corrosive, a strong oxidizer, a strong sensitizer, combustible, either flammable or extremely flammable, dangerously reactive, pryrophoric, pressure-generating, a compressed gas, a carcinogen, a teratogen, a mutagen, a reproductive toxic agent, or that otherwise, according to generally accepted documented medical or scientific evidence, may cause substantial acute or chronic personal injury or illness during or as a direct result of any customary or reasonable foreseeable accidental or intentional exposure to the chemical substance; or
   
   
3. is determined by the Commissioner as part of the standard for the chemical or substance or mixture of chemicals or substances to present a significant risk to worker health and safety or imminent danger of death or serious physical harm to an employee as a result of foreseeable use, handling, accidental spill, exposure, or contamination.

   Hazardous substance does not include a substance being developed or handled by a technically qualified individual in a research, medical research, medical diagnostic, or medical educational laboratory or in a health care facility, or in a pharmacy registered or licensed under Minnesota Statutes chapter 151. This exemption applies only to technically qualified individuals and not to persons working in the same work area who are not technically qualified individuals.

   Many of the terms listed in this definition have been defined by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). These terms are used to give an operational definition of a hazardous substance and also many times are used in section V to describe health hazards. The terms are as follows:

Median lethal dose or concentration  The dose (LD₅₀) or concentration (LC₅₀) of a chemical administered in a single dose or as a concentrated air-mixture over a period of time that is calculated to kill one-half of a group of animals under the specified time and conditions of the test.

Highly toxic chemical (poison)  A chemical falling within any of the following categories:

1. A chemical that has a median lethal dose (LD₅₀) of 50 milligrams or less per kilogram of body weight when administered orally to albino rats weighing 200 to 300 grams each.
   
   
2. A chemical that has a median lethal dose (LD₅₀) of 200 milligrams or less per kilogram of body weight when administered by continuous contact for 24 hours (or less, if death occurs within 24 hours) with the bare skin of albino rabbits weighing between 2 and 3 kilograms each.
   
   
3. A chemical which has a median lethal concentration (LC₅₀) in air of 200 parts per million by volume or less of gas or vapor, or 2 milligrams per liter or less of mist, fume, or dust, when administered by continuous inhalation for 1 hour (or less, if death occurs within 1 hour) to albino rats weighing between 200 and 300 gm each, provided such concentration and/or condition are likely to be encountered by man when the chemical is used in any reasonably foreseeable manner.
   
   

Toxic chemical  A chemical falling within any of the following categories:

1. A chemical that has a median lethal dose (LD₅₀) of more than 50 milligrams per kilogram but not more than 500 milligrams per kilogram of body weight when administered orally to albino rats weighing between 200 and 300 grams each.
   
   
2. A chemical that has a median lethal dose (LD₅₀) of more than 200 milligrams per kilogram but not more than 1000 milligrams of body weight when administered by continuous contact for 24 hours (or less, if death occurs within 24 hours) with the bare skin of albino rabbits weighing between 2 and 3 kilograms each.
   
   
3. A chemical that has a median lethal concentration (LC₅₀) in air of more than 200 parts per million, but not more than 2000 parts per million by volume of gas or vapor, or more than 2 milligrams per liter, but not more than 20 milligrams per liter of mist, fume, or dust, when administered by continuous inhalation for 1 hour (or less, if death occurs within 1 hour) to albino rats weighing between 200 and 300 grams each, provided such concentration and/or condition are likely to be encountered by man when the chemical is used in any reasonably foreseeable manner.
   
   

Irritant  A chemical, not a corrosive, that causes a reversible inflammatory effect on living tissues by chemical action at the site of contact. For example, a chemical is a skin irritant if, when tested on the intact skin of albino rabbits in accordance with the methods of 16 CFR 1500.41 by exposure for four hours or by other appropriate techniques, it results in an empirical score of 5 or more. For example, a chemical is an eye irritant if so determined under the procedure listed in 16 CFR 1500.42 or other appropriate techniques.

Corrosive chemical  A chemical that causes visible destruction of or irreversible alterations in living tissue by chemical action at the site of contact. For example, a chemical is a skin irritant if, when tested on the intact skin of albino rabbits by the method described by the U.S. Department of Transportation in Appendix A to 49 CFR Part 173, it destroys or changes irreversibly the structure of the tissue at the site of contact following an exposure period of 4 hours. This term shall not refer to action on inanimate surfaces.

Strong oxidizer  A chemical that promotes oxidation readily and, on contact with combustible material, may cause fire.

Strong sensitizer  A chemical that causes a substantial proportion of exposed people or animals to develop an allergic reaction in normal tissue after repeated exposure to the chemical.

Combustible liquid  Any liquid having a flash point at or above 100 degrees F (37.8 degrees C) but less than 200 degrees F (93.3 degrees C), except any liquid mixture having one or more components with a flash point at or above the upper limit that make up 99% or more of the total volume of the mixture. (For test method, see Flash point).

NOTE:  For the purposes of this standard, an aqueous solution containing 24% or less alcohol by volume shall be considered to have a flash point no less than 100 degrees F (37.8 degrees C), if the remainder of the solution is not flammable.

Flammable chemical  A substance falling within any of the following categories:

Flammable liquid Any liquid having a flash point below 100 degrees F (37.8 degrees C), except any liquid mixture having one or more components with a flash point at or above the upper limit which make up 99% or more of the total volume of the mixture. (For test method, see Flash point).

Extremely Flammable liquid Some states and other regulatory agencies require that flash points below 20 degrees F (- 6.7 degrees C), be labeled as "EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE".

Flammable gas A gas with either of the following properties:

1. At atmospheric temperature and pressure, forms a flammable mixture with air when present at a concentration of 13% or less (by volume), or forms a range of flammable mixtures with air wider than 12% regardless of the lower limit.
   
   
2. Projects a flame of more than 18 inches beyond the ignition source with the valve opened fully, or the flame flashes back and burns at the valve with any degree of valve opening, when tested in the Association of American Railroads' Bureau of Explosives flame projection apparatus.
   
   

Flammable Solid A solid, other than an explosive, that is liable to cause fire through friction, absorption of moisture, spontaneous chemical change, or retained heat from manufacturing or processing, or that can be ignited readily and, when ignited, burns so vigorously and persistently as to create a hazard.

Dangerously reactive chemical  A chemical that is able to undergo a violent self-accelerating exothermic chemical reaction with common materials, or by itself.

Pressure-generating chemical  A chemical falling within any of the following categories:

1. A chemical that generates pressure unless protected from spontaneous polymerization by the addition of an inhibitor, or by refrigeration or other thermal control.
   
   
2. A chemical that may decompose to release gas in its container.
   
   
3. A chemical that comprises the contents of a self-pressurized container.
   
   

Pyrophoric chemical  A chemical that will ignite spontaneously in dry or moist air at a temperature of 130 degrees F (54.4 degrees C) or below.

Carcinogen  A substance capable of causing cancer. Four types of response are generally recognized as evidence of tumorigenicity:

1. an increased incidence of the tumor types occurring in controls.
   
   
2. the occurrence of tumors earlier than in controls.
   
   
3. the development of types of tumor not seen in controls.
   
   
4. an increased multiplicity of tumors in individual animals.
   
   

Teratogen  A substance capable of causing an alteration in a gene. These may arise from the addition/deletion of base pairs or base-pair substitution in the DNA sequence.

Reproductive toxic agent  A substance which causes an adverse alteration of the reproductive process. The agent can cause changes in a number of processes, including: gametogenesis, release and transport of gametes, fertilization, implantation, embryonic and fetal development, placental functions, maternal care and maturation of offspring.

   From Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons, L. Casarett and J. Doull, Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., 1980

   The percentage or percentage range of ingredients should be listed in the % column for each ingredient. Components of a mixture that would be considered hazardous substances by themselves must be listed on the data sheet if they are present in quantities greater than 1% by weight. However, when an ingredient may be hazardous at lower concentrations, that substance must also be listed.

   The threshold limit value (TLV) is also listed in this section for each component. The TLV is a term used by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) to express the air-borne concentration to which nearly all persons can be exposed day after day without adverse effects. The ACGIH is an organization of professionals engaged in occupational safety and health programs who develop and publish recommended occupational exposure limits (TLV's). ACGIH expresses TLV's in three ways:

1. TLV-TWA: the allowable Time Weighted Average concentration for a normal 8-hour work-day or 40-hour work week.
   
   
2. TLV-STEL: the Short Term Exposure Limit, or maximum concentration for a continuous 15-minute exposure period (maximum of four such periods per day, with at least 60 minutes between exposure periods, and provided that the daily TLV-TWA is not exceeded).
   
   
3. TLV-C: The Ceiling exposure limit - The concentration that should not be exceeded even instantaneously.

   Another term that may be seen in this section is the permissible exposure limit (PEL). This is an exposure limit established by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulatory authority. It may be a time weighted average or a maximum concentration exposure limit.

   A notation that may be used with PEL or TLV exposure data is "skin". This indicates that the stated substance may be absorbed by the skin, mucous membranes, and eyes either when it is air-borne (at levels far above the TLV), or more particularly, by direct contact. This additional exposure must be considered part of the total exposure to avoid exceeding the PEL or TLV for that substance.

   Listed below the hazardous ingredients for many of the chemical entries is the NFPA Hazard classification for the material. This classification rates the hazard of the material on a 0 (least hazard) to 4 (greatest hazard) scale in terms of health, flammability, and reactivity.

   This information is generally displayed in a diamond as shown below. In this volume, the classification is presented linearly as follows:

First digit - Health Hazard (blue in diamond)

Second digit - Flammability Hazard (red in diamond)

Third digit - Reactivity Hazard (yellow in diamond)

Fourth digit - Other Hazard (white in diamond)

EXPLANATION OF NFPA HAZARD CLASSIFICATIONS

CLASSIFICATION	DEFINITION
Health Hazard (blue)
4	Materials which on very short exposure could cause death or major residual injury even though prompt medical treatment is given.
3	Materials which on short exposure could cause serious temporary or residual injury even though prompt medical treatment is given.
2	Materials which on intense or continued exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury unless prompt medical treatment is given.
1	Materials which on exposure would cause irritation but only minor residual injury even if no treatment is given.
0	Materials which on exposure under fire conditions would offer no hazard beyond that of ordinary combustible material.
Flammability (red)
4	Materials that will rapidly or completely vaporize at atmospheric pressure and at normal ambient temperature, or which are readily dispersed in air and which will burn readily.
3	Liquids and solids which can be ignited under almost all ambient temperature conditions.
2	Materials that must be moderately heated or exposed to relatively high ambient temperatures before ignition can occur.
1	Materials that must be preheated before ignition can occur.
0	Materials that will not burn.
Reactivity (yellow)
4	Materials which in themselves are readily capable of detonation or of explosive decomposition or reaction at normal temperatures and pressures.
3	Materials which in themselves are capable of detonation or explosive reaction but require a strong initiating source or which must be heated under confinement before initiation or which react explosively with water.
2	Materials which in themselves are normally unstable and readily undergo violent chemical change but do not detonate. Also materials which may react violently with water or which may form potentially explosive mixtures with water.
1	Materials which in themselves are normally stable, but which can become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures or which may react with water with some release of energy but not violently.
0	Materials which in themselves are normally stable, even under fire conditions, and which are not reactive with water.
Other (white)
W	Materials which react so violently with water that a possible hazard results when they come in contact with water, as in a fire situation. Similar to Reactivity Classification 2.
Oxy	Oxidizing material: any solid or liquid that readily yields oxygen or other oxidizing gas, or that readily reacts to oxidize combustible materials.
Acid	Acid
Alkali	Alkali
Cor	Corrosive
	Radiation Hazard

SECTION III
PHYSICAL DATA

   The data in this section should be for the total mixture. This data is useful for making decisions on the control of toxic vapors. The definitions which follow explain the terms and give reasons for their inclusion on the material safety data sheet.

Boiling Point	The temperature at which a material changes to a vapor state, at a given pressure; usually expressed in degrees Fahrenheit at sea level pressure (760 mm Hg, or one atmosphere). For mixtures, the initial boiling point or the boiling range may be given. Flammable materials with low boiling points generally present special fire hazards. Some approximate boiling points: Propane -44 degrees F Anhydrous Ammonia -28 degrees F Butane 31 degrees F Gasoline 100 degrees F Allyl Chloride 113 degrees F Ethylene Glycol 387 degrees F
Specific Gravity	The weight of a material compared to the weight of an equal volume of water; an expression of the density (or heaviness) of the material. Example: if a volume of a material weighs 8 pounds, and an equal volume of water weighs ten pounds, the material is said to have a specific gravity of 0.8.  8 lbs = 0.8 10 lbs Insoluble materials with specific gravity of less than 1.0 will float in (or on) water. Insoluble materials with specific gravity greater than 1.0 will sink (or go to the bottom) in water. Most (but not all) flammable liquids have specific gravities less than 1.0 and, if not soluble, will float on water - an important consideration for fire suppression and spill cleanup.
Vapor Density	The weight of a vapor or gas compared to the weight of an equal volume of air: an expression of the density of the vapor or gas. Materials lighter than air have vapor densities less than 1.0 (examples: acetylene, methane, hydrogen). Materials heavier than air (examples: propane, hydrogen sulfide, ethane, butane, chlorine, sulfur dioxide) have vapor densities greater than 1.0. All vapors and gases will mix with air, but the lighter materials will tend to rise and dissipate (unless confined). Heavier vapors and gases are likely to concentrate in low places - along or under floors, in sumps, in sewers and manholes, and in trenches and ditches - where they may create health or even fire hazards.
% volatile	Percent volatile by volume; the percentage of a liquid or solid (by volume) that will evaporate at an ambient temperature of 70 degrees F (unless some other temperature is stated). Examples: butane, gasoline, and paint thinner (mineral spirits) are 100% volatile. Their individual evaporation rates vary, but over a period of time each will evaporate completely.
Vapor Pressure	The pressure exerted by a saturated vapor above its own liquid in a closed container. When quality control tests are performed on products the test temperature is usually 100 degrees F and the vapor pressure is expressed as pounds per square inch (psig or psia) - but vapor pressures reported on MSDSs are in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) at 68 degrees F (20 degrees C), unless stated otherwise. Three facts are important to remember: Vapor pressure of a substance at 100 degrees F will always be higher than the vapor pressure of the substance at 68 degrees F (20 degrees C). Vapor pressure increases with temperature. Vapor pressures reported on MSDSs in mm Hg are usually very low pressures; 760 mm Hg is equivalent to 14.7 pounds per square inch. The lower the boiling point of a substance, the higher its vapor pressure. The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which its vapor pressure is equal to ambient pressure.
Solubility in Water	A term expressing the percentage of a material (by weight) that will dissolve in water at ambient temperature. Solubility information can be useful in determining spill cleanup methods and fire-extinguishing agents and methods for a material. If known, the solubility of a chemical in water is expressed in grams (gm) or milligrams (mg) of substance per 100 milliliters (mL) of water at 20 degrees C. If quantitative information is not available, the following terms are used to express solubility: negligible Less than 0.1% slight 0.1 to 1.0% moderate 1.0 to 10.0% appreciable more than 10.0% complete soluble in all proportions
Evaporation Rate	The rate at which a particular material will vaporize (evaporate) when compared to the rate of vaporization of a known material. The evaporation rate can be useful in evaluating the health and fire hazards of a material. The known material is usually normal butyl acetate (NBUAC or n-BuAc), with a vaporization rate designated as 1.0. Vaporization rates of other solvents or materials are then classified as: FAST  evaporating if greater than 3.0. Examples: Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) = 3.8; Acetone = 5.6; hexane = 8.3. MEDIUM  evaporating if 0.8 to 3.0. Examples: 90 proof (95%) Ethyl alcohol = 1.4; VM&P Naphtha = 1.4; Methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) = 1.6 SLOW  evaporating if less than 0.8. Examples: Xylene = 0.6; Isobutyl alcohol = 0.4; Normal butyl alcohol = 0.4; water = 0.3; Mineral spirits = 0.1.

SECTION IV
FIRE AND EXPLOSION DATA

   This section contains complete fire and explosion data for the product. This information is very useful for the design and deployment of adequate fire fighting equipment and personnel. Some definitions and common terms listed in this section are shown below:

Flash Point  Temperature which produces a concentration which will ignite in the presence of a spark or flame when tested by one of the following:

1. Tagliabue closed tester (in accordance with American National Standard Method of Test for Flash Point by Tag Closed Tester, ANSI/ASTM D56-79) for liquids with a viscosity of less than 45 Saybolt Universal Seconds (SUS) at 100 degrees F (37.8 degrees C), that do not contain suspended solids and do not have a tendency to form a surface film under test.
   
   
2. Pensky-Martens closed tester (in accordance with American National Standard Method of Test for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Tester, ANSI/ASTM D93-80) for liquids with a viscosity of 45 SUS or over at 100 degrees F (37.8 degrees C), or that contain suspended solids, or that have a tendency to form a surface film under test.
   
   
3. Setaflash closed tester (in accordance with American Society for Testing and Materials Method of Test for Flash Point by Setaflash Closed Tester, ASTM D3278-784).
   
   
4. For mixtures, if the result of the test by any of these methods is above 100 degrees F (37.8 degrees C), evaporate a fresh sample to 90% of the original volume and retest. The lower of the two values shall be taken as the flash point.
   
   

Autoignition temperature  The minimum temperature (in degrees C) to which a chemical must be heated, without application of a flame, in order to cause the material to ignite.

LEL or LFL  Lower explosive limit or lower flammable limit of a vapor or gas; the lowest concentration (lowest percentage of the substance in air) that will produce a flash of fire when an ignition source (heat, arc, or flame) is present. At concentrations lower than the LEL, the mixture is too "lean" to burn. Also see "UEL"

UEL or UFL  Upper explosive limit or upper flammable limit of a vapor or gas; the highest concentration (highest percentage of the substance in air) that will produce a flash of fire when an ignition source (heat, arc, or flame) is present. At higher concentrations the mixture is too "rich " to burn. Also see "LEL".

Unusual Fire and Explosion Hazards  This section specifies only unusual hazards and conditions to avoid such as DO NOT DROP, DO NOT EXPOSE TO HIGH TEMPERATURE, or KEEP OUT OF DIRECT SUNLIGHT.

Extinguishing Media  Self explanatory. Examples include Dry chemicals, Carbon dioxide, and Water. Inappropriate extinguishing media in a fire situation are noted here (e.g., water may be ineffective).

Special Fire Fighting Procedures  This section identifies the necessary personal protective gear when combating a fire (e.g., SCBA, full protective clothing) and any other special warnings to fire fighters.

Flammable  A "flammable liquid" is defined by NFPA and DOT as a liquid with a flash point below 100 degrees F (37.8 degrees C). Solids which will ignite readily or are liable to cause fires under ordinary conditions of transportation through friction or retained heat from manufacturing or processing, and which burn so vigorously and persistently as to create a serious transportation hazard, are classified by DOT as "Flammable solids". Also see "combustible".

Combustible  A term used by NFPA, DOT, and others to classify certain liquids that will burn, on the basis of flash points. Both NFPA and DOT generally define "combustible liquids" as having a flash point above 100 degrees F (37.8 degrees C) and below 200 degrees F (93.3 degrees C). Also see "flammable". Non-liquid substances such as wood and paper are classified as "ordinary combustibles" by NFPA.

SECTION V
REACTIVITY DATA

   The comments in this section pertain to the safe storage and handling of hazardous or unstable substances. The terms used in this section are listed below.

Stability  An expression of the ability of a material to remain unchanged. For MSDS purposes, a material is stable if it remains in the same form under expected and reasonable conditions of storage or use. Conditions which may cause instability (dangerous change) are stated. Examples: temperatures above 150 degrees F, shock from dropping.

Unstable  Tending toward decomposition or other unwanted chemical change during normal handling or storage.

Incompatible  Materials which could cause dangerous reaction from direct contact with one another are described as incompatible.

Decomposition  Breakdown of a material or substance (by heat, chemical reaction, electrolysis, decay, or other processes) into parts or elements or simpler compounds.

Polymerization  A chemical reaction in which one or more small molecules combine to form larger molecules. A hazardous polymerization is such a reaction which takes place at a rate which releases large amounts of energy. If hazardous polymerization can occur with a given material, the MSDS usually will list conditions which could start the reaction, and, since the material usually contains a polymerization inhibitor, the expected time period before the inhibitor is used up.

SECTION VI
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION

   This section is divided into three parts. The first part (exposure limits) provides the current TLV for the material and toxicity data for the chemical. The TLV data are expressed in parts per million (ppm) for volatile liquids and gases, or milligrams per cubic meter (mg/m³) for dusts. A (SKIN) notation following the TLV means that the chemical may be absorbed through unbroken skin in sufficient quantities to produce a systemic effect. It should not be assumed that the absence of the SKIN notation implies no hazard potential if the chemical is in contact with the skin. (For example, potassium hydroxide is highly corrosive to the skin yet does not bear the SKIN notation in the TLV).

   Also in this part is toxicological information compiled for the chemical. This information is noted as follows:

LD₅₀  Median lethal dose expressed in milligrams of material per kilogram of body weight. These tests are either oral toxicity or dermal application toxicity. In most cases, these tests were performed on laboratory animals (rats, mice, or guinea pigs).

LC₅₀  Median lethal concentration expressed in parts per million or milligrams per cubic meter. In most cases, the concentration term is followed by the exposure duration.

LDL₀ and LCL₀  Lowest lethal dose (or concentration) in the test animal.

TDL₀  Lowest toxic dose. This will be expressed in mg/kg followed by the observed toxic effect (irritation, dyspnea, etc.).

TCL₀  Lowest toxicity concentration in ppm, followed by the exposure duration and the observed toxic effect. In general, data obtained from human experience is in this category.

   The second part of this section alerts the employer/employee to the effects of overexposure to the chemical in question. Health hazards can be examined from several different perspectives. These are acute effects due to inhalation, ingestion, eye contact, or skin contact, as well as those seen as a result of chronic overexposure. Acute effects are those in which symptoms develop rapidly and come quickly to a crisis. Chronic effects are adverse effects resulting from overexposure to hazardous materials which lead to either of the following situations: (a) a persistent illness or injury which develops over time from a single exposure or, (b) a persistent illness or injury which develops from prolonged or repeated exposures under conditions which do not lead to acute effects. Refer to the glossary of terms for explanation of certain medical terms which appear in this section.

   Also included in this section is information on known or suspected mutagenic, carcinogenic, or teratogenic potential of the material, and the odor threshold of the material (if known). The odor threshold of a material is very useful in that the odor of a chemical is often a good warning property to prevent accidental overexposure. Chemicals with good warning properties have odor thresholds well below the TLV, those with fair warning properties have odor thresholds greater than the TLV. It must be kept in mind however that olfactory fatigue occurs rapidly with most chemicals and that individual odor sensitivity is quite variable.

   The final part of the health hazard section is emergency first aid information in the event of acute overexposure. These are immediate steps which can be taken by the victim or other persons in the area using generally available materials to reduce adverse health effects. These are primarily aimed at terminating the exposure and removing the material from the victim until medical attention is obtained.

SECTION VII
SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION

   Specific information is provided in this section on ventilation and personal protective gear. Ventilation will include local exhaust or general ventilation. Local exhaust is a system which removes air-borne contaminants right at the source as in a lab hood. General ventilation uses different types of air flow systems to dilute contaminated air with "fresh air" to keep room concentrations below the TLV.

   Personal protective equipment specifies measures which should be taken by laboratory personnel when using the material. This includes eye protection (goggles, full face shields), skin protection (lab coat, apron, type of glove), and in some cases, respiratory protection. In most cases, laboratory personnel will not require respiratory protection if the material is handled in a fume hood. Organic vapor masks may be necessary when ventilation is not available or when in confined spaces.

   With agricultural chemicals, protective clothing may be specified. As these materials are often formulated and applied out-of-doors, respiratory protection may be required. Since in most cases many formulations of these materials are available, you should refer to the product label or other safety information about the product for more specific precautions.

   The final part of this section will either elaborate on information provided in the first two parts or will prescribe protection suggested for personnel involved in spill cleanup.

SECTION VIII
SPILL, LEAK, AND DISPOSAL

   This section details procedures for cleanup and disposal of the material. The first part of this section (spill response) generally prescribes measures to be taken prior to spill cleanup. This will include establishing ventilation (close lab doors and open windows and hood), eliminating ignition sources, and restricting access by personnel who will not be involved in the cleanup. The second part describes spill cleanup procedures (absorption, neutralization, etc.) for laboratory - quantity episodes. The final part of this section gives disposal information for the material. At the University, hazardous material disposal information and procedures are available from the Department of Environmental Health and Safety (DEHS) (626-6002). Please contact the DEHS if you have any questions about waste disposal.

SECTION IX
SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS

   This section restates precautionary information listed in other sections of the MSDS as it specifically relates to storage and handling. Additional information on any aspects of safety and health not covered in other sections should also be listed here.

NOTE: The information in this handout was copied from the Material Safety Data Sheet Manual on 500 Chemicals prepared by the Department of Environmental Health and Safety, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

ANESTHESIA	Loss of sensation or feeling.
ANOREXIA	Loss of appetite.
ANOSMIA	Loss of the sense of smell.
ARRHYTHMIA	An alteration in the rhythm of the heartbeat.
ASBESTOSIS	A disease of the lungs caused by habitual inhalation of asbestos particles.
ASPHYXIA	Unconsciousness due to interference with the oxygenation of the blood.
ATAXIA	A loss of the power of muscular coordination.
ATROPHY	A wasting or diminution in the size of a part of the entire body.
BARIOSIS	A benign form of pneumonia.
BERYLLIOSIS	Progressive lung damage.
BLEPHAROSPASM	Twitching or spasmodic condition of the eye muscles.
BRACHYCARDIA	A slow heartbeat: pulse rate below 60.
BRONCHITIS	Inflammation of the bronchial tubes in the lungs.
CARCINOMA	A malignant tumor or cancer; a new growth made up of epithelial cells, tending to infiltrate and give rise to metastases.
CATARACT	A loss of transparency of the crystalline lens of the eye or of its capsule.
CHLORACNE	An acneiform eruption caused by exposure to chlorine compounds.
CONJUNCTIVITIS	Inflammation of the conjunctiva, the delicate membrane that lines the eyelids and covers the eyeball.
CYANOSIS	A dark, purplish coloration of the skin and the mucous membrane, due to deficient oxygenation of the blood.
DERMATITIS	Inflammation of the skin.
DYSPNEA	Difficult or labored respiration.
ECZEMOID	Inflammation of the skin characterized by redness.
EDEMA	An abnormal accumulation of clear, watery fluid in the tissues.
EMBOLISM	Obstruction of a blood vessel by a transported clot, a mass of bacteria or other foreign material.
EMETIC	An agent which induces vomiting.
EMPHYSEMA	A swelling or inflation due to presence of air in connective tissues of the lungs.
EPISTAXIS	Nosebleed; hemorrhage from the nose.
ERYTHROPENIA	Deficiency of red blood corpuscles.
FETOTOXIC	Toxic to fetus.
FIBROSIS	A condition marked by increase of interstitial fibrous tissue.
GASTROENTERITIS	Inflammation of the lining membrane of the stomach and the intestines.
GRANULOCYTOSIS	An increased number of granulocytes in the blood.
HEMATURIA	The presence of blood in the urine.
HEMOGLOBINURIA	The presence of free hemoglobin in the urine.
HYPERGLYCEMIA	An excess of sugar in the blood.
HYPOALBUMINEMIA	Reduced serum albumen.
HYPOGLYCEMIA	An abnormally diminished content of glucose in the blood.
HYPOXIA	Insufficient oxygen especially as applied to body cells.
INFLAMMATION	A morbid series of reactions produced in the tissues by an irritant; it is marked by an efflux of blood with exudation of plasma and leukocytes.
KETOSIS	The condition marked by excessive production of ketone bodies in the body.
LACRIMATION	The secretion of tears.
LAVAGE	A washing of a hollow organ, such as the stomach.
MALAISE	A feeling of general discomfort, distress or uneasiness, an out-of-sorts feeling.
MESOTHELIOMA	A tumor derived from mesothelial tissue.
METHEMOGLOBINEMIA	The presence of methemoglobin in the blood resulting in cyanosis.
MUTAGEN	A substance (as mustard gas or various radiation) that tends to increase the frequency or extent of mutations.
MYOCARDIA	Slow muscle reaction to stimulation.
NARCOTIC	Producing stupor or sleep by depression of CNS.
NAUSEA	Tendency to vomit, feeling of sickness at the stomach.
NECROSIS	Local death of tissue.
NEUROPATHY	An abnormal, degenerative state of the nervous system or nerves.
OSTEOMALACIA	Disease marked by increasing softness of bones, causing brittleness and rheumatic pains.
PNEUMOCONIOSIS	Disease of lungs caused by habitual inhalation of metallic/mineral particles.
POLYNEUROPATHY	Term applied to any disorder or affection of peripheral nerves.
PRURITIS	Itching condition.
PROTEINURIA	The presence of protein in the urine.
PULMONARY EDEMA	Fluid in the lungs.
RETICULOCYTOSIS	Increase in the number of reticulocytes in the blood.
SENSITIZATION	Allergic response reaction. A person previously exposed to a certain material is more sensitive when further contact with this material is encountered.
SPASM	An involuntary, convulsive, muscular contraction.
STUPOR	Partial or nearly complete unconsciousness.
TACHYCARDIA	Excessively rapid heart action.
VASODILATION	Dilation of blood vessels.
VERTIGO	A feeling of revolving in space; dizziness, giddiness.

The information shown below will be the first page in each notebook containing the MSDS sheets for the chemicals used or stored in the lab and storeroom.

MINNESOTA EMPLOYEE RIGHT-TO-KNOW ACT

CHEMICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM

   If information is not available in this notebook on the chemicals stored and/or used in this laboratory or assistance is needed, please contact the following person(s) during normal UMD working hours. These hours are 8:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., Monday through Friday, excluding University Holidays.

Contact	Duane Long, Lab Services Coordinator
Room No.	Engineering 226
Office Hours	8:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., Monday through Friday
Phone No.	726-6171

   If you cannot contact the Lab Services Coordinator, please stop in at the ChE Department office and ask the secretary to leave a message or ask to see the ChE Department head, Dr. Richard Davis.

Contact Person	Avis Hedin, Secretary, or Dr. Richard Davis, ChE Department Head
Room No.	Engineering 207
Office Hours	8:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., Monday through Friday
Phone No.	726-7126