Study Guide for Chem 2242, Summer 2007

Analytical Chemistry and the Environment in Poland.

Week 1. Lectures by D. Poe. We will cover these topics during the first week. Some of the details will change.

Session

Lecture/Study Topic

Reading/Study Assignment

M 9-10

Welcome by University of Wroclaw.

M 10-11

Introduction. Basic Operations in Chemical Analysis.

Nature of quantitative analysis
Course objectives
Steps in an analysis
The balance and weighing in analytical chemistry
- Mass, weight, balance
- Analytical balances (classification, construction, operational features)
- Errors in weighing

Ch 1, Introduction.

Problem set 1. Chemical Calculations, Stoichiometry and Equilibrium.

M 1-3

Review of Chemical Calculations. Stoichiometry and Equilibria

Review I. Chemical calculations.

Ch 3, review of some basic concepts. Work through all examples in Ch 3, and starred exercises at end of chapter. See especially Ch 3A, B, and problems #1-30.

Self test on chemical calculations. Try this quiz before the lecture to help you identify areas you need to review.

Review II. Aqueous solution chemistry. Stoichiometry and composition of aqueous solutions. Solubility, acid-base, and complex ion equlibria.

Ch 3C, problems #31-38

Chapter 4, aqueous solution chemistry. Work through all examples in Ch 4, and starred exercises at end of chapter. Start with Ch 4A and problems #1-5.

Several documents are referenced in Review II. For your convenience, they are listed here as well (not in identical order):
- Preparation for Study of Equilibrium Systems in Quantitative Analysis
- Exercise on Net Ionic Equations.
  - Solutions to Exercise on Net Ionic Equation

Review III. Stoichiometry and equilibrium.

Continue Ch. 4

Learn to use spreadsheets in analytical chemistry. Complete the following exercises in your text. In addition, you may find the Microsoft training site useful. See Training for Microsoft Excel.

Basic operations with spreadsheets. Skoog, Ch. 2, section J.
Method of successive approximations. Ch 4, feature 4-5.

Tu 9-11, 1-3

Treatment of Analytical Data and Error Analysis.

Data Treatment. Part I. Nature of errors in chemical analysis. Precision and accuracy, systematic and random errors. Treatment of data with random errors. Normal distribution, standard deviation.

Ch 5, "Errors in Chemical Analysis", all sections, starred problems.

Ch 6, "Random Errors", all sections, starred problems.

Problem Set 2. Data Treatment.

Statististics on your calculator. You should be able to compute common statistical data using your calculator. There will be no class instruction on calculator usage. Lost your manual? User manuals may be available on the manufacturer's website. If yours is from Texas Instruments, go to their Downloads page.

Data Treatment, Part II. Statistical treatment of data with random errors. Confidence intervals, Student's t. Propagation of errors in calculations, comparison of means, rejection of outliers.

Ch 7, Statistical Analysis", sections A-C, problems #1, 2, 4, 6, 11, 13; remaining starred problems #1-16.

Data Treatment III. Calibration curves and linear least squares analysis.

Using Excel in analytical chemistry

Examples for successive approximations and pooled standard deviation (Excel).
Calibration curves and least squares.
- Calibration Curves and Regression Analysis (pdf)
- Using Excel for Calibration Curves and Regression Estimates (Excel)

Ch 7, section D. Problem #19.

Learn to use spreadsheets in analytical chemistry. Complete the following exercises over the next week. In addition to the exercises in your text, you may find the Microsoft training site useful. See Training for Microsoft Excel.

Basic operations. Skoog, Ch. 2, section J.
Method of successive approximations. Ch 4, feature 4-5.
Mean and standard deviation. Ch 5, section B.
Computing standard deviation. Ch 6, section B.
Computing pooled standard deviation. Ch 6, section B.
Least squares analysis. Ch 7, section D.

W 9-10

Tools and Operations.

Keeping a laboratory notebook
Weighing samples
Specifications, use and care of volumetric glassware

Ch 2, chemicals and apparatus. Classification of reagents, cleaning glassware, volumetric equipment and measurements, computer spreadsheets.

W 10-11

Quiz 1

W 1-3

Ionic strength and equilibrium

Ionic Strength and Equilibrium.

Ch 9, "Electrolyte Effects: Activity or Concentration?", all sections. Work starred exercises, especially #7, 10-13. Exercises 14 & 15 demonstrate use of spreadsheets to calculate activities. Problem Set 3, Ionic Strength and Equilibrium

Th 9-12

Systematic Treatment of Equilibrium

Simultaneous Equilibria I. Charge balance, mass balance. Systematic approach to treatment of systems with multiple equilibria.

Ch 10, "How Equilibrium Calculations Can Be Applied to Complex Systems." Part A. Exercises 2-5. Problem Set 4, Simultaneous Equilibria.

Simultaneous Equilibria II. Fractional composition. Effect of pH and complexation on solubility.

Solubility of AgCN at pH 5. (pdf)
Solubility of PbCl2 in excess chloride. (pdf) (mcd)
Solubility of CaC2O4 vs pH. (pdf) (xls)

Ch 10, part B. Starred exercises 7-13.

Simultaneous Equilibria III. Additional examples.

Ch 10, part C. Exercises 15, 17, 19.

F 9-11

Operations and Calculations in Titrimetric Analysis

Titrimetric Analysis I. Standard solutions and calculations for acid-base titrations. Lecture demonstration on acid-base titration.

Ch 11 "Titrimetric Methods of Analysis", including starred problems at the end of the chapter. Ch 27, pp 721-723 and sections C-1 to C-8 on neutralization titrations.

Problem set 5. Calculations in Titrimetric Analysis..

Titrimetric Analysis II. Calculations in titrimetric analysis.

Continue.

F 11-12

Quiz 2.

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