CSD 3103
ANATOMY OF SPEECH
AND HEARING MECHANISMS
FALL SEMESTER 2008
Study Guide for
the Ear
You should be able
to identify, locate, and/or otherwise define all of these structures:
temporal bone earlobe
mastoid process helix
internal auditory
meatus antitragus
auricle antihelix
pinna tragus
external auditory
meatus scaphoid
fossa
tympanic membrane crus
of helix
concha triangular
fossa
sebaceous glands tympanic
sulcus
sebum tympanic
annulus
cerumen umbo
osseocartilaginous
junction pars
flaccida
pars tensa cone
of light
petrous portion of
the temporal bone middle
ear space
epitympanic recess tympanic
antrum
mastoid air cells tegmen
tympani
tympanic plate of the
temporal bone jugular
fossa
the oval window stapes
the round window promontory
mastoid wall tympanic
aditus
pyramidal eminence stapedius
muscle
chorda tympani nerve carotid
wall
eustachian tube ossicular
chain
malleus incus
stapes tensor
tympani muscle
the superior malleal
ligament stapedius
muscle
the anterior malleal
ligament cochleariform
process
the lateral malleal
ligament eustachian
tube
the posterior incudal
ligament the
vestibule
superior face
(ceiling) semicircular
canals
inferior face (floor) cochlea
posterior face (left
side wall) ampulla
anterior face (right
side wall) modiolus
lateral face (front
wall)
medial face (back
wall)
membranous labyrinth.
oval and round windows the
semicircular canals
internal auditory
meatus scala
vestibuli
scala tympani scala
media
helicotrema perilymph
endolymph the
utricle
saccule scala
media
crista ampularis
vestibular and
acoustic branches of the Eighth Nerve
basilar membrane Reissner’s
membrane
spiral lamina Organ
of Corti
rods of Corti inner
hair cells
outer hair cells reticular
lamina
tectorial membrane kinocilium
stereocilia afferent
pathways
synapse neurotransmitters
action potential VIII
cranial nerve
acoustic branch of
the VIII N vestibular
branch
auditory nerve spiral
ganglion
cochlear nucleus trapezoid
body
superior olivary
complex lateral
lemniscus
inferior c olliculus Heschl’s
gyrus
medial geniculate
body auditory
cortex
neuron cell
body
dendrites axon
You should be able
to explain, describe, and/or otherwise apply the following concepts:
Boundaries for the
outer, middle, and inner ear and for each: landmark structures, the form of
energy transmission, and function.
Resonant effects of
helix and concha in most favorable azimuth position.
Resonance property of
external canal.
The two main
functions of the ossicles (impedance matching and protection).
Transformer function
of the middle ear including: the area advantage hypothesis, curved membrane
buckling, and the level principle.
Explain displacement
of cochlear fluids with movement of the stapes and how this leads to excitation
of the hair cells within the Organ of Corti.
Describe and explain
all aspects of the traveling wave including how it arises, characteristics, and
its relationship to the frequency of the incoming signal.
Tonotopic
organization across all levels of the auditory system.
Neural activity of
auditory nerve fibers such as phase-locking and input-outpus functions.
Single fiber tuning
curves and their characteristics.
Temporal
characteristics of neural activity.