Lombroso

Sociological Theories of Deviance

Sociology 3305

UMD

1. DEVIATION IN HEAD SIZE AND SHAPE FROM TYPE COMMON TO RACE AND REGION FROM WHICH THE CRIMINAL CAME
2. ASYMMETRY OF THE FACE
3. EYE DEFECTS AND PECULIARITIES
4. EXCESSIVE DIMENSIONS OF THE JAW AND CHEEK BONES
5. EARS OF UNUSUAL SIZE, OR OCCASIONALLY VERY SMALL, OR STANDING OUT FROM THE HEAD AS DO THOSE OF THE CHIMPANZEE
6. NOSE TWISTED, UPTURNED, OR FLATTENED IN THIEVES, OR AQUILINE OR BEAK-LIKE IN MURDERERS, OR WITH A TIP RISING LIKE A PEAK FROM SWOLLEN NOSTRILS.
7. LIPS FLESHY, SWOLLEN, & PROTRUDING
8. POUCHES IN THE CHEEK LIKE THOSE OF SOME ANIMALS
9. PECULIARITIES OF THE PALATE, SUCH AS ARE FOUND IN SOME REPTILES, AND CLEFT PALATE.
10. CHIN RECEDING, OR EXCESSIVELY LONG, OR SHORT AND FLAT, AS IN APES.
11. ABNORMAL DENTITION.
12. ABUNDANCE, VARIETY, AND PRECOCITY OF WRINKLES
13. ANOMALIES OF THE HAIR, MARKED BY CHARACTERISTICS OF THE HAIR OF THE OPPOSITE SEX.
14. DEFECTS OF THE THORAX, SUCH AS TOO MANY OR TOO FEW RIBS, OR SUPERNUMERARY NIPPLES
15. INVERSION OF SEX CHARACTERS IN THE PELVIC ORGANS
16. EXCESSIVE LENGTH OF ARMS
17. SUPERNUMERARY FINGERS AND TOES
18. IMBALANCE OF THE HEMISPHERES OF THE BRAIN (ASYMMETRY OF CRANIUM)

• HE CONSISTENTLY EMPHASIZED THE NEED FOR DIRECT STUDY OF THE INDIVIDUAL, UTILIZING MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL METHODS IN ANTHROPOLOGICAL, SOCIAL, AND ECONOMIC DATA.
• HE BEGAN WITH THE BASIC ASSUMPTION OF THE BIOLOGICAL NATURE OF HUMAN CHARACTER AND BEHAVIOR:
  • A. HE FIRST CONCEIVED OF THE CRIMINAL AS A THROWBACK TO A MORE PRIMITIVE TYPE OF BRAIN STRUCTURE, AND THEREFORE OF BEHAVIOR.
  • B. HE LATER MODIFIED THIS TO INCLUDE GENERAL DEGENERACY OF DEFECTIVENESS.
  • C. HE NEVER CLAIMED THAT THE BORN CRIMINAL CONSTITUTED MORE THAN 40% PROBABLY LESS, ONLY ABOUT 1/3 OF THE TOTAL CRIMINAL POPULATION
• WITH SUCCESSIVE YEARS OF STUDY, DISCUSSION, AND CONTACT WITH CRITICS, HE MODIFIED HIS THEORY AND METHOD
  MORE AND MORE TO INCLUDE ALL KINDS OF SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, AND ENVIRONMENTAL DATA. THROUGH
  IT ALL, HE ALWAYS ATTEMPTED TO BE:
  • A. OBJECTIVE, IN METHOD, OFTEN STATISTICAL
  • B. POSITIVE IN THE SENSE OF DETERMINISTIC
  • C. FAITHFUL TO THE BASIC IDEA OF CAUSE AS A CHAIN OF INTERRELATED EVENTS, NOT THE MORE

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