Assignment Two
Character Analysis

Objective

To construct a persuasive, engaging argument about a chosen character from GraceLand, Persepolis, Karnak Café or White Tiger using references to specific quotations and other appropriate details as evidence in support of your claims.

Overview

We often discuss the behavior of characters in works of literature just as we would discuss people in our own lives. We evaluate their actions according to our own set of moral guidelines, and we think about the events that motivate them to behave as they do. Indeed, it is very easy for us to get into arguments about a character's virtues or faults.

In this paper, you will want to choose one character from GraceLand, Persepolis, Karnak Café or White Tiger. Choose the work that interests you the most and a character whose experiences or behavior in the work give you a basis for a good, solid argument. The argument can be about the character's qualities or importance or both. Be sure, however, that the thesis of you paper is arguable. The thesis "The Iranian Revolution makes life hard for Satrapi" is not in itself arguable—most readers will readily agree with this claim. To be arguable, a thesis usually requires more specificity and more contentious claims.

Support your argument by including several quotations from the book. Such quotations might be from the writer's description or illustration of a character, from the setting or from things the character does or says. To add clarity to your argument, it may be useful to compare the character to other characters in the book.

Suggested Topics

Choose from one of the following arguments or choose an argument of your own. Just be sure that you can come up with an arguable thesis statement. I have left some blanks in these statements for you to fill in as you adapt the sentence into a thesis statement. You may have to revise the statement even further in order to make it workable.

1. People usually think _________ is an evil character, but it is actually possible to justify _________'s behavior if you consider ____________.

2. The worst decision this character makes is when he/she . . . That is the true cause of this character's misery.

3. This character only gets to know himself/herself when . . . (insert a key moment from the story that is the turning point in the character's development).

4. Of all of the characters in this story, _________ is the most virtuous, because . . .

5. This character's experiences prove that . . . is the best way to fall in love and to assure oneself of a happy marriage.

Questions for Development

Do not attempt to answer all of these questions in your paper. These are just to give you some ideas as you attempt to develop your argument. If you do answer some of these questions in your paper, make sure you do so in a way that is consistent with your overall argument.

• Does the character have heroic qualities?

• Is the character villainous in any way?

• How does the character regard his or her own actions? Is this the same as how other characters in the work regard these actions?

• What is this character's community like? What are its standards governing behavior? How well is the character integrated into her or his surrounding community? How is this community different from our current community?

• What is the character's class? Which characteristics serve to define that class? Does the character seek to change his or her class status, or does the character strive to maintain his or her current status?

• What is the character's gender and how does this gender restrict or liberate this character?

• What are the defining moments in the life of this character? Are there any defining moments in this character's life that take place outside of the literary work in question (i.e. before the beginning of the story)?

• Why should an audience of readers in the year 2014 care about what happens to this character? Which larger historical developments shape this character?

• What does the author of the work think of this character? (Often, though not always, authors reward virtue and punish evil in their characters, so the story's outcome tips us off as to their attitudes toward these characters.)

• What distinguishes this character from other characters in the work? What distinguishes this character from other characters in literature? Does this character have any doubles or counterparts in the work?

Procedure

1. Take another look at the book you will be writing about for this assignment. Look back over your notes and reread important sections of the book.

2. Develop a thesis statement that addresses the questions in the above prompt for your book (or choose a different topic after discussing it with me). Of course, this thesis will be subject to revision once you have written an argument.

3. Write a draft of your argument in support of your thesis. Refer directly to specific words and phrases in the chosen poem in supporting your argument. At some point, write an outline of your argument, so that you can make its structure as clear as possible to your readers.

4. Bring a word-processed, properly formatted draft to class on April 1st, 2014, for peer editing.

5. Revise your draft after that class. Consider the feedback you have received from your classmate as well as your ideas as you rework your argument.

6. Having completed your revisions, proofread your paper. Watch out for typos, incorrect punctuation and other problems. Do not hesitate to look these rules up. The Online Writing Lab at Purdue University offers an extremely helpful collection of guidelines for using the MLA Format, and you can find it at

   "http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/"

   Go to that website and click on "MLA Formatting and Style Guide" in the right-hand column.

7. Turn in the completed final draft and peer-edited working draft on April 8th, 2014, in class.

   Writing Tips

   I have developed these tips from comments I have had on various student assignments over the years.

   1. Follow the MLA format for citations. Include a list of works cited at the end according to MLA format as follows. The syllabus for this course lists all of the required readings in the MLA format, you should be able to use that list to provide a correct citation at the end of your paper.

   2. Some grammatical tips:

      1. Avoid using the passive voice whenever it is possible to do so. When writing in the passive voice, you remove the subject from the sentence or at least de-emphasize it. This makes writing less engaging to most readers.

         Example:

         ACTIVE VOICE: Isabella eats rice pilaf. (Note structure: subject/verb/object)

         PASSIVE VOICE: Rice pilaf is eaten. (Structure: object/"to be" verb/past participle)

         ACTIVE VOICE: Isabella ate rice pilaf.
                  } Passive voice can exist in any verb tense.
         PASSIVE VOICE: Rice pilaf was eaten.

      2. AVOID CONTRACTIONS when writing college papers. Replace they're with they are and replace don't with do not (these are just a few examples of the numerous possible contractions out there.

      3. Italicization is the best way to signal that you are referring to a word itself and not to the thing that the word represents. You should also italicize titles of books (even in parenthetical references and lists of works cited) and foreign-language words like je ne sais quoi.

      4. The word it's (with an apostrophe) is a contraction of it is. The word its (without an apostrophe) is the possessive of it. Its and whose both deviate from standard rules governing possessives.

      5. Commas. These are tricky little bits of punctuation, and your best bet is to look them up in a style manual. All the same, there are two things I can mention here.

         First, a comma is a very fragile, spindly, little thing, and it is not strong enough to string two grammatically complete sentences together all by itself. When you use a comma for this purpose, it is called a comma splice.

         Example:

         WRONG: I'm never going back to Vegas, I lose too much money there.

         See that poor little comma? It is just dying under the strain.

         CORRECT: I'm never going back to Vegas because I lose too much money there.

         ALSO CORRECT: I'm never going back to Vegas. I lose too much money there.

         Second, if the first word of your sentence is not the subject of the sentence, then it is a good idea to use a comma to separate the subject from whatever precedes it. If it only one word precedes the subject, then this rule is optional, but a whole phrase really does need a comma after it before you get on with the rest of the sentence.

         Example:

         WRONG: At the turn of the century American was fast becoming a global power.

         CORRECT: At the turn of the century, American was fast becoming a global power.

         OPTIONAL: Yesterday, we ate strawberries.

         More about commas. When using a conjunction (and, or, but, because, yet, etc.) you must often put a comma before the conjunction. It depends on whether or not there is a second subject-verb pair after the conjunction. If there is, then you need to put a comma before the conjunction. If there is only a second verb, but for the same subject as before, then you should not put a comma before the conjunction.

         NO COMMA: Erica went to Cloquet and ate a nice meal.

         COMMA: Erica went to Cloquet, and Fred stayed home.

         COMMA: Erica went to Cloquet, and she ate a nice meal.

      6. Type a hyphen (-) twice to produce a dash (--). In Microsoft Word© a double hyphen will become a dash automatically, if you—trust me on this one—set it to do so in "Autoformat as you type" under the "AutoformatÉ" menu. However, it is a good idea to avoid using too many dashes in a paper. Commas often accomplish the same thing more gracefully.

      7. Verb tense. Though it may seem peculiar at first, it is customary to refer to events in a story in the present tense. In discussions of the literature in class, you will notice that we tend to follow this rule as well. Keep to the present tense in your papers.

         Sometimes, this is hard to do, especially when discussing the author's life: "Marjane Satrapi grew up in Iran at the time of the Islamic Revolution." It makes sense to refer to author's life in the past tense in this case, but return to the present tense when addressing events in the story: "GraceLand tells the story of a young man who lives with his father in a Lagos slum."

         Every once in a while, it is necessary to refer to past event in the story that you are discussing in the present tense. The present perfect tense is perfect for this problem: "In his various efforts to find employment, Elvis seeks help from his friend Redemption, whom he has met in school soon after his arrival in Lagos."

   Paper Grading Standards

   A	Confident, persuasive written expression An original approach to the work in question A strong thesis statement that is arguable and interesting Exemplary in the clarity and organization of its argument Engaging to its audience in a manner that commands attention Consistently good use of evidence in support of contentions and in accordance with MLA format Nearly flawless mechanically (format, spelling, grammar)
   B	Clear written expression with a few minor breakdowns Somewhat original approach to the work in question A strong thesis statement that is arguable and interesting Well-organized argument that signals its structure to readers by way of effective transitional sentences Good use of evidence to support your contentions and in accordance with MLA format Only a few mechanical flaws
   C	Satisfies the basic demands of the assignment Generally clear though with some breakdowns Makes a clear argument about the meaning of the passage A thesis statement that is arguable and interesting A well-organized argument Use of evidence in support of your contentions and in accordance with MLA format, though not consistently Several mechanical flaws, but not so many that they confuse the meaning of your paper
   D	Almost satisfies the basic demands of the assignment Numerous breakdowns impairing the clarity of the argument Thesis statement is either not arguable or is uninteresting Argument has minimal organization Use of evidence to support contentions is wildly inconsistent and/or not in accordance with the MLA format Numerous mechanical flaws interfering with paper clarity
   F	Does not satisfy the basic demands of the assignment Unclear writing style Lacks a thesis statement No clear argument—seemingly random arrangement of ideas Mechanical flaws throughout the paper No use of evidence to support the argument Plagiarized work