Yanomami and Cuiva- compare/contrast

similarities:

-both hunt/gather

-nomadic

-both have little clothing

-both gather bark (hallucinogenic), fruit of peach palm

-both sleep in hammocks

-both use boats for transport

-both have had some form of contact with outsiders

differences:

-Yanomami hunt each other, Cuiva hunted by ranchers

-Yanomami contact with outside: motorboat, metal pots/pans, disease

-Cuiva move around more often

-Yanomami have gardens (60% of their food comes from gardens)

Napoleon Chagnon- 1st anthropologist to visit and study the Yanomami

-focused on conflict and warfare

-controversy: Patrick Tierney accuses Chagnon of interfering with Yanomami ways of life:

• messed with their taboo of dead people
• accused of intentionally exposing Yanomami to measles (by Tierney)

-filmcrew introduced machetes, guns, metal pots/pans

Pastoralism: herding of animals

cattle, horses, yaks, dzo, llamas & alpacas, camels, goats, sheep

nomadic; transhumance

The Sami (notes prepared by Emma Bissonnett 2003)

The Sami are the indigenous people of northern Finland, Sweden, Norway, and the Kola Peninsula of Russia. Most of the Sami practice nomadic pastoralism as their mode of production. They herd reindeer which were once an abundant wild animals of the Sami territory.

• When did the Sami become pastoralists ?: In the 14th and 15th centuries.
• Why did the Sami become pastoralist herders?: Due to depletion of wild animals (which they once hunted) the Sami began to herd reindeer.
• Did all Sami people become pastoralists ?: No, some Sami kept their hunting/gathering practices of the past because this mode of production was still sufficient for them.
• How are Sami pastoralists organized ?: The Sami are organized into family or family clusters who have a herd. These family groups are also members of an association of families. All the associations make up the entirety of Sami pastoralists.
• Sami are nomadic, so do they just wander ?: No, Sami have territories on which they herd. These territories are understood within the associations to be lands usuable by those families in the association.

***(end of Emma's notes)****

Link to more information about the Sami:

A map http://arcticcircle.uconn.edu/HistoryCulture/samiindex.html

Population: 25,000 in Norway; 17,000 in Sweden; 4,000 in Finland and 2,000 in Russia
There are 10 Sami languages, all are related to Finnish, Hungarian and Estonian.

Most widely known Sami word: tundra

They do not want to be called Lapps or Laplanders. Lapp = a patch, such as a mended item of clothing.

http://www.scandinavica.com/sami.htm

Their traditional music is called 'joik' -- a style of chanting

http://www.itv.se/boreale/samieng.htm

video: Sami Herders (Haetta family)

video: Kirghiz of Afghanistan

TERMS:
Little Pamir
Khan Raman Khol
yurt