+++ WEB DESIGN UPDATE. - Volume 5, Issue 04, July 21, 2006. An email newsletter to distribute news and information about web design and development. ++ISSUE 04 CONTENTS. SECTION ONE: New references. What's new at the Web Design Reference site? http://www.d.umn.edu/goto/webdesign/ New links in these categories: 01: ACCESSIBILITY. 02: CASCADING STYLE SHEETS. 03: EVALUATION & TESTING. 04: EVENTS. 05: JAVASCRIPT. 06: MISCELLANEOUS. 07: NAVIGATION. 08: PHP. 09: STANDARDS, GUIDELINES & PATTERNS. 10: TOOLS. 11: TYPOGRAPHY. 12: USABILITY. 13: XML. SECTION TWO: 14: What Can You Find at the Web Design Reference Site? [Contents ends.] ++ SECTION ONE: New references. +01: ACCESSIBILITY. WAI to Advise on 508 Standards Update By W3C. W3C WAI has been appointed to the Advisory Committee for the revision of U.S. Section 255 guidelines and Section 508 standards, which include Web accessibility. WAI looks forward to continuing to coordinate with organizations around the world to develop harmonized standards for Web accessibility. Additional information is available in the U.S. Access Board article: Board Names Advisory Committee for 508 Standards Update. http://www.w3.org/WAI/Overview.html#x20060720a Beyond Guidelines - Advanced Accessibility Techniques By Trenton Moss. "...The W3C accessibility guidelines are of course important, but if you want your website to be truly accessible then there's more that you can do..." http://www.usabilitynews.com/news/article3187.asp The Four Levels of PDF Accessibility By Alastair Campbell. "Portable Document Format Document Format (PDF) accessibility is not a new topic, it is well understood and explained by certain experts. However, the implications are universally unknown by organisations. Perhaps by outlining the four broad levels of technical PDF accessibility, and what most organisations do, someone will take note?" http://alastairc.ac/2006/07/the-four-levels-of-pdf-accessibility/ Building Accessibility Consortiums: WebCT Case Study By Hadi Bargi Rangin, Robert Dumas, and Philip Kragnes. "Accessibility of third-party information technology resources at universities and other organizations is ongoing problem for students, staff, and faculty. Typically people with disabilities or support staff who are experiencing accessibility problems feel isolated and do not know who to contact with their accessibility issues. This panel session discusses the development of a consortium model used to create a community of users and service providers to organize and discuss accessibility issues of the WebCT learning management tool. The panel will discuss their perspectives on the effectiveness of the model to improve the accessibility of the WebCT and how this model maybe used to improve the accessibility of other information technologies..." http://www.csun.edu/cod/conf/2006/proceedings/2964.htm Section 508 Checklist By Jonathan Whiting. "One of WebAIM's most popular resources, the Section 508 Checklist, has recently been updated." http://www.webaim.org/standards/508/checklist.php Assessing Usability for People with Disabilities through Remote Evaluation and Critical Incident Reporting By Mike Paciello. "Most technology is not suitable or usable by people with disabilities because users/people with disabilities are rarely integrated into the conceptual design of a product...researchers and usability specialists need to devise evaluation methods engage people with disabilities in the processes of user interface design and usability testing." http://tinyurl.com/zpfbk Designing the Web for People with Disabilities By Mike Paciello. "Information access for people with disabilities is creating numerous opportunities and challenges within the Information Highway community. Additionally, as a result of the increasing paradigm shift by the publishing industry toward Internet and WWW-based document delivery systems, the importance of producing accessible information using electronic document mechanisms has increased immeasurably." http://www.paciellogroup.com/resources/whitepapers/WPDesignWebAccess.htm +02: CASCADING STYLE SHEETS. Why CSS Bugs Me By John C. Dvorak. "As we move into the age of Vista, multimedia's domination on the desktop, and Web sites controlled by cascading style sheets running under improved browsers, when will someone wake up and figure out that none of this stuff works at all?!" http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,1895,1987181,00.asp Dvorak and CSS By John Allsopp. "OK, so John Dvorak is an admitted troll, but his recent critique of CSS does raise, in a single location a number or myths and misconceptions about CSS that I'll try to address here..." http://westciv.typepad.com/dog_or_higher/2006/07/dvorak_and_css.html Dynamic Drive CSS Library "Welcome to Dynamic Drive's new CSS library! Here you'll find original, practical CSS codes and examples such as CSS menus to give your site a visual boast..." http://www.dynamicdrive.com/style/ Tutorial: CSS3 and International Text By w3.org. "HTML/XHTML and CSS content authors who want to get a general idea of what lies in the future with regard to CSS support for non-Latin text support. The tutorial assumes a basic understanding of CSS..." http://www.w3.org/International/tutorials/css3-text/ 20 Pro Tips By Jason Arber. "The difference between a good web designer and a great one is the ability to know how to take short cuts and save time without compromising the quality of work. Pixelsurgeon's Jason Arber has put together 20 top tips and tricks you should be using to give your work that all-important professional edge" http://www.netmag.co.uk/zine/design-tutorials/20-pro-tips The Most Common CSS Markup Errors Or, What does CSS Reboot again illustrate about all other Sites? By Sean Fraser. "This article qualifies the most popular errors found in the CSS of sites found during validation process using The W3C CSS Validation Service Tool. Some of the errors are simple, fundamental errors. They are easily corrected. However, some of the errors are not errors." http://tinyurl.com/j68ea Ping-o-matic's Hover Invitation By Mike Papageorge. Mike explains a CSS :hover pseudo class technique used on a form label. http://tinyurl.com/fp5yb How to Print Selective Sections of a Web Page using CSS and DOM By Ian Lloyd. "This is an experiment to see if it's possible to selectively print sections of a large document using CSS print styles after the page has loaded without affecting the on-screen display..." http://tinyurl.com/kqwf7 +03: EVALUATION & TESTING. User Research Smoke and Mirrors, Part 1: Design vs. Science By Christopher Fahey. "...To many user experience designers and firms, the array of seemingly-scientific tools available to us (and the value given to those tools by our peers, user experience gurus, and our clients) is sometimes seen as a means to avoid doing our real job: being expert designers who draw on deep experience and good instincts..." http://tinyurl.com/rlgoy User Research Smoke and Mirrors, Part 2: Research as a Design Tool By Christopher Fahey. "it is possible that, like chicken soup, eyetracking can't hurt a redesign process (although, as I've said, grossly misinterpreted results are clearly a risk). But unless you are working with graphic designers with no talent whatsoever (and I will admit that most web sites seem to suffer from this predicament), it's hard to believe that the recommendations of an eyetracking study would be a meaningful influence on a design process, much less form the very basis for the redesign. The money spent on this sort of research would, in my opinion, be better spent on hiring a better UI designer. Hell, you should probably hire a better UI designer anyway, because only a good UI designer is really qualified to interpret the results of an eyetracking study in the first place." http://tinyurl.com/pcndg User Research Smoke and Mirrors, Part 3: Research as a Political Tool By Christopher Fahey. "In short, the lesson from this is not that user research is the foundation of good design, but rather that user research can (among other things) help explain and justify good design decisions to people without deep design skills or instincts - or to talk them out of bad design decisions. But there is no need to pretend that, as an expert designer, you don't have an opinion of your own that you believe in strongly, or that opinion has no value unless driven by research results." http://tinyurl.com/enxqq Eyetracking Web Forms By Luke Wroblewski. "In Matteo's study the bold labels actually began to compete with the form fields for visual attention because they have a more equal visual weight. The normal (non-bold) font contrasted more with the input fields thereby providing a notable distinction between label and field. Whether you use bold labels or not, the key is to provide enough visual contrast between input label and input field to enable scannability and distinction." http://www.lukew.com/ff/entry.asp?374 Guide to Remote Usability Testing By Nate Bolt. "As more usability practitioners start conducting remote usability testing, there seems to be a demand for some tips and guidelines around this technique. New screen-sharing tools like Breeze, Co-Pilot, and GoToMeeting, and remote usability tools like Ethnio and The Astoria Project Beta, make it easier to conduct moderated remote usability testing. Dealing with video and audio recordings keeps getting simpler as well. But observing people remotely presents a unique set of obstacles, so this is a guide to what we've learned from conducting 149 remote studies with 1,213 participants over the last seven years. We can't get that time back, but hopefully some of what we've picked up will be helpful..." http://tinyurl.com/khys3 +04: EVENTS. Adobe Events http://www.adobe.com/cfusion/event/index.cfm A Closer Look at the Best Practices of CSS with Eric Meyer Live Online Seminar July 25, 2006. 3:00 PM - 4:00 PM US/Eastern http://www.adobe.com/cfusion/event/index.cfm?event=detail&id=460690&loc=en_us Scott Berkun Workshops September 1, 6, or 8, 2006. Sydney, Canberra, or Melbourne, Australia. http://www.steptwo.com.au/seminars/scottberkun06/index.html The Ajax Experience October 23-25, 2006. Boston, Massachusetts U.S.A. http://ajaxian.com/by/topic/conference/ World Usability Day 2006 November 14, 2006. http://worldusabilityday.org/ Refresh 06 Web Standards Conference November 16-18, 2006. Orlando, Florida U.S.A. http://www.refresh06.com/ OZCHI 2006 The Annual Conference of the Australian Computer-Human Interaction Special Interest Group November 20-24, 2006. Sydney, Australia http://www.ozchi.org/ +05: JAVASCRIPT. On Modifying Prototypes of JavaScript Built-ins By David 'liorean' Andersson. "You should never, ever, under any circumstances extend Object.prototype with new members unless you own all the code in the entire production environment. The reason is simple..." http://tinyurl.com/g8qa9 JavaScript And AJAX Accessibility By Becky Gibson. Becky Gibson's CSUN 2006 presentation on Ajax. http://www.csun.edu/cod/conf/2006/proceedings/2800.htm Can AJAX Find Harmony on Agency Web Sites? By Wade-Hahn Chan. "Hot coding technique unable to hit fed Web pages because of accessibility questions..." http://www.fcw.com/article95257-07-17-06-Print Introducing MBN DuoTone Headings By Jonathan Christopher. "One thing that JavaScript is absolutely great for is enhancing the average browsing experience for your user. On the other hand, requiring the presence of JavaScript compatibility can be an utter disaster. In my opinion, JavaScript is great for visual or functional enhancements, but those features should not be necessary to make proper use of any particular document. If a user doesn't arrive equipped with the ability to run JavaScript, they shouldn't know they're missing out on anything...." http://mondaybynoon.com/2006/07/15/introducing-mbn-duotone-headings/ The Importance of Maintainable JavaScript By Christian Heilmann. "JavaScript is hip again; there's no doubt about it. But if you're starting to get down and dirty with it, there's no excuse not to keep it clean." http://tinyurl.com/pb8fa Maintainable JavaScript Slides By Christian Heilmann. Slides from Christian's presentation for a Web Standards Group, London meeting. http://icant.co.uk/articles/wsg_london_july06_maintainablejavascript/ Using Opera to Troubleshoot Javascript Errors in IE By CodeGirl. "I have a web app that uses a bunch of to do Ajaxy things as well as simple hide/show of DIVs. None of it seems to work in Internet Explorer. Since I am forced to support this horrific 'browser', I figured I better check every page within IE. IE error messages regarding javascript suck. Like IE, they are completely utterly USELESS. Most of my error messages are a simple 'object expected'. Wow, thanks for nothing. I decided to give the same web app a try in Opera just to see how it behaved. Unfortunately it breaks in almost all the same parts. Bonus: the Opera Javascript console is infinitely more helpful and specific with its error messages." http://tinyurl.com/jd997 Section 508 Checklist: for Scripts, Plug-ins, Java, etc. By Jonathan Whiting. The scripts, plug-ins and java portion of WebAIM's checklist, has been updated. http://www.webaim.org/standards/508/checklist.php#two +06: MISCELLANEOUS. Ten Questions for Laura Carlson By Russ Weakley. Russ interviews me. Topics include my job at the university, accessibility, WCAG 2.0, the Web Design Reference site, this newsletter, and more. http://webstandardsgroup.org/features/laura-carlson.cfm +07: NAVIGATION. Exploring And Defining Web Navigation Styles Among Blind Jaws Users By Marguerite Bergel and Ann Chadwick-Dias. ...Because the Web largely lacks development or design standards, understanding how best to optimize a site for blind users remains a significant challenge. If each Web site is coded uniquely, users cannot stick to a consistent, effective approach as they attempt to accomplish tasks. Consider HTML headings as an example of how the lack of standards propagates usability problems for blind Web users. While scanning the headings on a page is an effective strategy for a blind user, many pages do not have them. Consequently, users cannot rely on scanning headings as a primary navigation strategy. Until more accessible Web development standards are defined and mandated, users will be forced to approach each page with a set of potential strategies that they can utilize. This is obviously not the ideal. Web site developers, AT developers, and users will need to work together to better influence the direction of Web access for the blind. " http://www.csun.edu/cod/conf/2006/proceedings/2927.htm Accessible Web Search for the Visually Challenged By Google. "Accessible Search is an early Google Labs product designed to identify and prioritize search results that are more easily usable by blind and visually impaired users. Regular Google search helps you find a set of documents that is most relevant to your tasks. Accessible Search goes one step further by helping you find the most accessible pages in that result set..." http://labs.google.com/accessible/ Google Site to Aid the Blind By Elinor Mills. "Google was set to unveil a Web search site on Thursday designed to help blind people find results that will work best with their text-to-speech software." http://tinyurl.com/ezdh7 The Power of Natural SEO By Mike Cherim. "SEO or Search Engine Optimization is a critical component of a properly developed website. Or, rather, it is if you want to be found and indexed. You see, there are approximately two billion websites on the Internet, so being found by those who may be looking for you or what you have to offer, if that's what you want, can be a huge challenge. But it is doable and is actually quite simple. There are two basic methods of getting this done: The crappy way and the good way. I will discuss the latter..." http://green-beast.com/blog/?p=105 Search Engine Optimization: Increased Usability? John Gibbard. "The reason I ask is that I've just been hearing some arguments for restructuring a team to include the SEO guys in the initial content authoring stage to clear the blockage that occurs when content is written and then sent to SEO for amendment. My fear is that if this is taken too literally, that copy on pages resembles the most appropriate for SEO but doesn't actually work as effectively for the user. Effectively the pages become a long list of keywords and we return, in part, to the days where everyone buried 'Britney Spears' in the footer of their pages to score more hits..." http://tinyurl.com/gdukm UCD vs. SEO - Responses John Gibbard. "Following my blog posting (and email to uk-usability) regarding search engine optimization (SEO) and user-centric design I have had some thoughtful emails and just wanted to take the opportunity to respond to a selection of the issues raised..." http://smorgasbord-design.blogspot.com/2005/10/ucd-vs-seo-responses.html +08: PHP. Five Common PHP Design Patterns By Jack D. Herrington. "...These are just a few of the most common design patterns used in PHP applications. Many more are demonstrated in the Design Patterns book. Don't be put off by the mystique of architecture. Patterns are great ideas you can use in any programming language and at any skill level." http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/library/os-php-designptrns/ How To Create an RSS Aggregator with PHP and AJAX By Kris Hadlock. "Imagine using a simple HTML file to send a request to a server-side script, receive a custom XML file based on that request, and then display it to the user without ever refreshing the browser! Kris Hadlock explains how to use a combination of PHP and AJAX to create real-time data transfers in any application without a browser refresh." http://www.informit.com/articles/article.asp?p=430216&rl=1 The CakePHP Framework: Your First Bite By Fabio Cevasco. "CakePHP is a mature framework for PHP developers who want the structure and time-saving benefits of Ruby on Rails, without having to leave their comfort zone. As Fabio explains, CakePHP's scaffolding lets us build a prototype application quickly, using minimal code. Cake also offers many helper classes to extend and customize your application while retaining a sensible and easily maintainable architecture." http://www.sitepoint.com/article/1540 Understanding the Zend Framework, Part 3: The Feeds By Tyler Anderson. "This "Understanding the Zend Framework" series chronicles the building of an online feed reader, Chomp, while explaining the major aspects of using the recently introduced open source PHP Zend Framework. In parts 1 and 2, we discuss the goals behind the Zend Framework and show you how to use it to create the beginnings of our online feed reader, creating a form and adding information to a database while getting to know the MVC pattern. In this tutorial, you will see how to use the Zend Framework to implement the online feed reader portion of the application." http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/edu/os-dw-os-php-zend3.html Using Method Call Overloading in PHP 4 By Alejandro Gervasio. "This is part two of the series 'Overloading classes in PHP.' In three tutorials, this series teaches how to overload your classes in PHP 4 by using the 'overload()' PHP built-in function, in conjunction with the implementation of the '__set()', '__get()' and '__call()' methods, and explores the native support of object overloading in PHP 5..." http://www.devshed.com/c/a/PHP/Using-Method-Call-Overloading-in-PHP-4/ +09: STANDARDS, GUIDELINES & PATTERNS. Leaving W3C QA Dev By Bjoern Hoehrmann. "I believe for our society to progress it's essential that our culture, our knowledge, and our society itself are as accessible as possible to everyone; web standards are how we choose to achieve this on the World Wide Web, and for us to communicate, especially if we have special needs or novel ideas about information access, it depends on compliance to web standards. With this in mind I became interested in assuring standards compliance on the Web and involved in the development of tools meant to help in this respect at the World Wide Web Consortium seven years ago. I now have to discontinue my participation in this area at the W3C and would like to explain how the World Wide Web Consortium failed to provide what I think would have been and still is necessary to advance the tools and services to an acceptable level, which will explain why I am leaving now..." http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-validator/2006Jul/0058.html An Angry Fix By Jeffery Zeldman. "I worry about the direction in which the W3C is headed...Beholden to its corporate paymasters who alone can afford membership, the W3C seems increasingly detached from ordinary designers and developers. Truth be told, we and our practical concerns never drove the organization. But after ordinary designers and developers spent nearly a decade selling web standards to browser makers and developing best practices around accessibility and semantics, one hoped the W3C might realize that there was value in occasionally consulting its user base." http://www.zeldman.com/2006/07/17/an-angry-fix/ A Peaceful Ear By Karl Dubost. "Jeffrey Zeldman has written a weblog entry 'An angry fix' about Bjorn Hormann's message on his reasons for leaving the group doing the development of W3C validators. He made a few points in his message which will be certainly discussed by the Web communities in the following days..." http://www.w3.org/QA/2006/07/a_peaceful_ear.html Breaking News: W3C Specs Are Not the Word of God By Bruce Lawson. "...Let's just acknowledge that the author's intention, even when it can be reasonably gleaned from the specification, is not a Holy relic. As a community, we've built up a corpus of best semantic practice - let's not throw the baby out with the bathwater by rejecting floats for layout, or abusing the definition list as the table was once sorely abused in the name of the Holy Specifications." http://tinyurl.com/e688y Big Red Angry Text By Marco Battilana. "As a standards compliant designer supporting an Intranet environment, it gives me a good feeling to create a fresh, new, standard compliant design for a client to replace an older, deprecated, table-based design. However, that good feeling can turn to dread when I revisit a site and find out that there are only remnants of my standard compliant markup remaining. As for the rest of the document, it has been butchered by deprecated WYSIWYG markup inserted by the software the editors are using. Basically, it's hard work gone to waste and a huge step backwards. With no current content management in place and many editors with varying HTML editing skills, I had to come up with a way that would grab the editor's attention as well as educate on some of the effects of WYSIWYG editing. Hence, I created a simple, but effective way to give an extreme visual example to show the editors that something has gone horribly wrong - B.R.A.T..." http://accessites.org/gbcms_xml/news_page.php?id=18 W3C Members: Do As We Say, Not As We Do By Paul Festa. "In a test of whether members of the Web's premier standards group are willing to eat their own dog food, companies and organisations from Microsoft to the United States Environmental Protection Agency were found to be picky eaters. The second biannual survey, conducted by Helsinki, Finland-based Web designer Marko Karppinen showed that only 21, or 4.6 percent, of 454 member sites Karppinen could access passed the W3C's own HTML validator, which tests for grammatically correct HTML..." http://tinyurl.com/llcmd +10: TOOLS. Ruby Accessibility Analysis Kit (Raakt) By Peter Krantz. "The Ruby Accessibility Analysis Kit (Raakt) is a toolkit to find accessibility issues in HTML documents. Raakt can be used as part of a an automatic test procedure or as a standalone module for mass validation of an entire site." http://rubyforge.org/projects/raakt Peter explains a bit more at: http://tinyurl.com/g6vt7 activeCollab "activeCollab is an easy to use, web based, open source collaboration and project management tool. Set up an environment where you, your team and your clients can collaborate on active projects using a set of simple, functional tools." It is a web app like Basecamp, but instead of being a hosted service, you download and install on your own web server." http://www.activecollab.com/ S5Project.org By Eric A. Meyer. S5 gets its own project site and community. http://s5project.org/ +11: TYPOGRAPHY. Choose a Basic Leading that Suits the Typeface, Text and Measure By Richard Rutter. "Vertical space is metered in a different way [to horizontal space]. You must choose not only the overall measure - the depth of the column or page - but also a basic rhythmical unit. This unit is the leading, which is the distance from one baseline to the next." http://webtypography.net/Rhythm_and_Proportion/Vertical_Motion/2.2.1/ +12: USABILITY. User Interface Design - Taking the Good with the Bad By Mike Padilla. "...Designing the UI is fundamentally an exercise in compromise-not compromise between designers and other project stakeholders (usability should never be sacrificed as a result of office politics) - but compromise between the drawbacks and benefits of design decisions. Every UI decision, from a pixel's precise placement to the entire site's information architecture, should be made judiciously. Careful consideration of the benefits each design decision affords and costs its users is essential. It's the sometimes-subtle expense that many people often overlook, and every UI decision does have expense. Educated compromise across all UI decisions is essential to creating the best interface possible, and is, ironically, required if you are to avoid designing a compromised interface..." http://tinyurl.com/p3ze9 User Focused Language for Intranets and Websites By Nick Besseling. "Despite the growing awareness of content quality and usability, there is still many organizations and online content producers that can't get out of their headspace and silos...Why are some still continuing to develop intranet and website content focused on what we or our managers think users may want..." http://tinyurl.com/jpx3m Measure Engagement, Not Satisfaction By Brian Manning. "Molecular's user experience expert gives us five reasons why we should shift our collective focus toward engagement..." http://www.imediaconnection.com/content/10381.asp +13: XML. Intro to Microformats By Nick Nettleton. "Microformats are an important - no, very important - new idea on the web. In fact, I think they are so important, they could precipitate a leap of evolution more important than AJAX and as important as XML web services. But first, an introduction..." http://nicknettleton.com/zine/microformats/an-intro-to-microformats [Section one ends.] ++ SECTION TWO: +14: What Can You Find at the Web Design Reference Site? Accessibility Information. http://www.d.umn.edu/goto/accessibility Association Information. http://www.d.umn.edu/goto/associations Book Listings. http://www.d.umn.edu/goto/books Cascading Style Sheets Information. http://www.d.umn.edu/goto/css Color Information. http://www.d.umn.edu/goto/color Dreamweaver Information. http://www.d.umn.edu/goto/dreamweaver Evaluation & Testing Information. http://www.d.umn.edu/goto/testing Event Information. http://www.d.umn.edu/goto/events Flash Information. http://www.d.umn.edu/goto/flash Information Architecture Information. http://www.d.umn.edu/goto/architecture JavaScript Information. http://www.d.umn.edu/goto/javascript Miscellaneous Web Information. http://www.d.umn.edu/goto/misc Navigation Information. http://www.d.umn.edu/goto/navigation PHP Information. http://www.d.umn.edu/goto/php Sites & Blogs Listing. http://www.d.umn.edu/goto/sites Standards, Guidelines & Pattern Information. http://www.d.umn.edu/goto/standards Tool Information. http://www.d.umn.edu/goto/tools Typography Information. http://www.d.umn.edu/goto/type Usability Information. http://www.d.umn.edu/goto/usability XML Information. http://www.d.umn.edu/goto/xml [Section two ends.] ++END NOTES. + SUBSCRIPTION INFO. WEB DESIGN UPDATE is available by subscription. For information on how to subscribe and unsubscribe please visit: http://www.d.umn.edu/goto/webdevlist The Web Design Reference Site also has a RSS 2.0 feed for site updates. + TEXT EMAIL NEWSLETTER (TEN). As a navigation aid for screen readers we do our best to conform to the accessible Text Email Newsletter (TEN) guidelines. Please let me know if there is anything else we can do to make navigation easier. For TEN guideline information please visit: http://www.headstar.com/ten + SIGN OFF. Until next time, Laura L. Carlson Information Technology Systems and Services University of Minnesota Duluth Duluth, MN U.S.A. 55812-3009 mailto:lcarlson@d.umn.edu [Issue ends.]