+++ WEB DESIGN UPDATE.
- Volume 6, Issue 01, July 1, 2007.

An email newsletter to distribute news and information about web design and development.

++ISSUE 01 CONTENTS.

SECTION ONE: New references.
What's new at the Web Design Reference site?
http://www.d.umn.edu/goto/webdesign/
New links in these categories:

01: ACCESSIBILITY.
02: CASCADING STYLE SHEETS.
03: COLOR.
04: DREAMWEAVER.
05: EVALUATION & TESTING.
06: EVENTS.
07: INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE.
08: JAVASCRIPT.
09: MISCELLANEOUS.
10: NAVIGATION.
11: PHP.
12: STANDARDS, GUIDELINES & PATTERNS.
13: TOOLS.
14: TYPOGRAPHY.
15: USABILITY.


SECTION TWO:
16: What Can You Find at the Web Design Reference Site?

[Contents ends.]


++ SECTION ONE: New references.

+01: ACCESSIBILITY.

Section 508 Wiki
By Telecommunications and Electronic and Information Technology Advisory Committee.
"TEITAC, organized July 6, 2006 by the U.S. Access Board is tasked with providing recommendations for updates of accessibility standards issued under section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act and guidelines under section 255 of the Telecommunications Act. Committee members represents over forty industry, disability groups, standard-setting bodies in the U.S. and abroad, and government agencies, among others. More information about TEITAC is available at the Access Board web site. This WIKI provides a mechanism for collaboration, discussion, and development of guidelines, standards, and other supporting documentation that may be used in the development of the committees recommendations..."
http://teitac.org/wiki/TEITAC_Wiki

A Day in the Life of an Audio Describer
By Paul Crichton.
"...I caught up with Martin Davies, a Senior Producer at Red Bee Media to get an insight into writing audio description. Martin has been involved with audio description from the very earliest days, when it was first tested out in the UK with a handful of special boxes. Red Bee Media provide access services in digital media, and work with the BBC, Channel 4 and ITV to name a few..."
http://tinyurl.com/23uwta

Everyone Deserves Access to Technology, Online World
By Jim Fruchterman and Gregg Vanderheiden.
"As technology races ahead at an ever-increasing pace, more and more of society's activities are moving into an online digital world that requires unfettered access. Although many of us may feel like we're falling behind technologically, large groups of Californians face barriers that block their access to the online world. People with disabilities, seniors, the poor and those without strong reading skills are facing ever-increasing obstacles to technology use. Since technology is becoming essential to education, business, personal finance, politics, entertainment and shopping, if we don't do something, we may find someone we love, or even ourselves, left behind..."
http://www.sacbee.com/110/v-print/story/225325.html

When Accessibility is Not Your Problem
By Joe Clark.
"These notes are derived from presentations at @media 2007, in San Francisco on 2007.05.25 and in London on 2007.06.07."
http://joeclark.org/appearances/atmedia2007/

Quick Accessibility Testing
By Emil Stenstrom.
"A recent project of mine required me to do a quick review of the accessibility level of a site. Nothing serious, just to show what was possible to test and where the site scored right now. I managed to assemble a small list of tools that I believe did a rather good job. This article is a list of those tools, and some tips on how to use them. First off, to do a real accessibility test, you need real people, with real tasks to accomplish. These are not tools to replace people. Instead, they can give you a quick rundown on where you stand, and find things you've missed. I like to compare it with HTML validation: Validation is a great way to find your errors, but just because you validate does not mean you have good code..."
http://friendlybit.com/tutorial/quick-accessibility-testing/

Testability Costs Too Much
By Gian Sampson-Wild.
"Testability: friend or foe? Gian Sampson-Wild takes a close look at one of the features of the new Web Content Accessibility Guidelines."
http://www.alistapart.com/articles/testability

WCAG 2.0 And Testability
By Mel Pedley.
"...It's simply not possible to categorize people, their behaviors or their perceptions into 0's and 1's. I think that web accessibility will always involve personal judgement calls on the part of developers. It won't be effective if it doesn't. And my programming friend is on a hiding to nothing if he really expects it to ever boil down to simple 'yes' or 'no' compliancy answers. Testability can be a guiding principle and something to aim for. However, since we cannot exclude the human element from web accessibility, it seems to me that we can never expect to apply testability in the same way that we would to, say, an program algorithm. Testability can still be a good tool at times. But it cannot be allowed to govern decisions with regard to accessible web design criteria. A good craftsman uses the tool. The tool must never dictate to the craftsman."
http://blackwidows.co.uk/blog/?p=133

Testability in WCAG 2.0
By Jared Smith.
"...So we have a dilemma regarding testability. If WCAG 2.0 sticks to its testability mandate and keep its slightly limited and complex success criteria, it risks alienating itself due to an inability for developers to prove testability at the 80% level. Alternatively, it can allow non-testable, pseudo-testable, and more far-reaching recommendations to be included and then risk criticism and lack of adoption because it is not testable. Lack of testability was, after all, one of the primary complaints regarding WCAG 1.0. Throwing out all testability would be a grave mistake. However, the working group would be greatly benefited by taking another look at the 80% agreement level for proving testability and also revisiting their mandate that all WCAG 2.0 success criteria be testable. "
http://webaim.org/blog/2007/06/27/wcag-2-testability/

WCAG 2.0 - Polishing the Rough Edges
By Jared Smith.
"..The current draft of WCAG 2.0 is good. It's certainly better than the previous draft. It's not perfect, but overall, I'm rather impressed. I believe that by polishing a few rough edges, that it will be a very solid set of guidelines that will remain relevant for some time. Now, let's talk about those rough edges a bit..."
http://webaim.org/blog/2007/06/27/wcag-20-polishing-the-rough-edges/

E-Shop Accessibility: From Theory to Reality
By Roberto Scano.
"WCAG 1.0 was brought into existence in the last century, when there were few web applications and no CMS-managed web sites. Actually, the web has evolved considerably, and we have moved to the next generation of web applications (Web 2.0). This article will explain how it is possible to apply WCAG 1.0 (and also how to comply with the future WCAG 2.0  and ISO 9241-151 ) to create an accessible e-shop shopping-cart and back end management system, analyzing the problems and the proposed solutions."
http://juicystudio.com/article/eshop-accessibility.php


+02: CASCADING STYLE SHEETS.

The IE Fieldset Background Color Bleed Bug
By Zoe Gillenwater.
"...In this tutorial, we'll focus on one of the most common fieldset and legend styling frustrations: the fieldset background color bleed bug in Internet Explorer, where the background color of the fieldset extends outside the top border of the fieldset. This bug occurs any and every time you try to give a fieldset a background color, and it affects even the latest version of IE, 7. This tutorial will show you how to fix the bug using a couple additional CSS rules and no changes to markup or hacks..."
http://www.communitymx.com/abstract.cfm?cid=DD9F3

Styling Headers, Navigation Bars and More with Image Backgrounds and CSS
By Alejandro Gervasio.
"Tiling background images with CSS is a simple technique that can make your web pages look much more attractive to your web site's visitors..."
http://tinyurl.com/2bmco3

Graceful Degradation
By Peter Gasston. 
"...With CSS 3 so tantalizingly close (and yet so far away!), it's fun to play around with some of the new cosmetic features. In fact, we can even start to implement them on websites - as long as provision is made for users with older browsers..."
http://www.css3.info/graceful-degradation/


+03: COLOR.

Shifting Back
By Dave Shea.
"Colour profiles in imaging applications are a sticky issue at best. The path of least resistance when producing web graphics is turning them off entirely and ignoring the whole mess, which is pretty much what I've been doing for years..."
http://mezzoblue.com/archives/2007/06/18/shifting_bac/

The Color Stylesheet
By Natalie Jost
"Here's a technique I use whenever possible. This may not be new to a lot of you who've been around the CSS world for awhile, but it's handy. It really works best with a minimal color scheme..."
http://www.standardsforlife.com/the-color-stylesheet

Color Inspiration from the Masters of Painting
By COLOURlovers.
"The world has seen thousands of artists and millions of great pieces of art, but we chose just a handful of pieces of art from some of greatest masters of painting to show a little of how they were inspired by color� or perhaps, how they inspire us with color."
http://tinyurl.com/22e7wh


+04: DREAMWEAVER.

Adding Text To Your Web Pages in Dreamweaver CS3
By Tom Negrino, Dori Smith.
"The main message of most Web sites is conveyed by the site's text, and a major part of your job in working with any site will be adding, modifying, and styling that text. Dreamweaver gives you the tools you need to effectively put text on your pages and get your message across. In this chapter, you'll learn how to get text onto your page and apply structure using headings and lists. You'll also learn how to use basic HTML text styles to change the look of your text."
http://www.informit.com/articles/article.asp?p=767326&f1

Dreamweaver Property Inspector Cautions
By Virginia DeBolt.
"I like Adobe Dreamweaver. I've been using it for over 10 years, since sometime back in the 90s when I first started learning web design. It's fast, clean, and flexible. But I'm always hearing tales about how it adds 'bloat' and 'bad code' to your code. I suspect that people making this complaint are misusing the lowly Property inspector."
http://blogher.org/node/21434


+05: EVALUATION & TESTING.

Start User Research by Talking With Staff
By Patrick Kennedy.
"We all know we should involve users when redesigning a website, but where do you start? Talking with staff in your own organization allows you to leverage their vast body of knowledge on your website audience..."
http://www.steptwo.com.au/papers/cmb_startwithstaff/index.html

Should Designers and Developers Do Usability?
By Jakob Nielsen.
"Having a specialized usability person is best, but smaller design teams can still benefit when designers do their own user testing and other usability work."
http://www.useit.com/alertbox/own-usability.html

Squiggles Help Find Personas
By Patrick Kennedy.
"First, an idea to help illustrate the concept of taking explicit user research and shaping this into discrete personas. Most people I have mentored find that the most difficult step is going from research into producing the draft personas. My idea is to use Venn diagrams to show how you take the information you find out about each individual you research (through interviews, focus groups, contextual enquiry, customer data etc) and come up with an archetypal description of them all. Remember, the key is for the resulting persona to have attributes that are a common subset of the attributes possessed by all the users it represents, whilst still being accurate for each of them. So in effect you need to 'knock the corners' off the data and look at the overlap, to make something that fits all users in the group."
http://www.gurtle.com/ppov/2007/06/14/squiggles-help-find-personas/


+06: EVENTS.

Molly E. Holzschlag's Train the Trainer Program
"...Every other weekend I'm in the U.S. from this September 'til next and I will offer a FREE two day course to six (6) educators each available weekend, with dates to be announced following my schedule. Here's the deal: You demonstrate to me that you will take your knowledge forward to other educators, students, trainers and evangelists who can and will talk to their students and/or companies about standards.This is a MUST. I only will train people for FREE who can prove they are in education, technology training, or work with a company where they can provide in-depth training for their teams..."
http://www.molly.com/2007/06/20/train-the-trainer-program/

Second Real World Accessibility Workshop
August 8, 2007.
London, United Kingdom.
http://www.publicsectorforums.co.uk/page.cfm?pageID=3785

User Experience Week 2007
August 13-16, 2007.
Washington D.C., U.S.A.
https://adaptivepath.com/events/2007/aug/

HCI 2007...not as we know it
September 3-7, 2007.
Lancaster, United Kingdom.
http://www.bcs-hci.org.uk/hci2007/

Webmaster Jam Session
September 21-22, 2007.
Dallas, Texas, U.S.A.
http://2007.webjamsession.com/


+07: INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE.

Human-to-Human Design
By Sharon Lee.
"Help your audience fall in love with you by moving beyond human-to-computer interfaces and embracing human-to-human design."
http://www.alistapart.com/articles/humantohuman


+08: JAVASCRIPT.

Simply JavaScript: The Three Layers of the Web
By Kevin Yank.
"HTML and CSS alone can only achieve the static beauty of the department store mannequin. Here, Kevin shows you how, with JavaScript, you can combine the three layers of the Web to bring that awkward puppet to life."
http://www.sitepoint.com/article/simply-javascript

The Impact of Ajax on User Experience - Part 1
By Cindy Lu.
"...This article provides a brief overview of Ajax, the impact of Ajax-based web applications on user experience and recommends some strategies for being part of the technology wave..."
http://www.apogeehk.com/articles/AjaxUserExperienceStrategiesPart1.html

Making JavaScript Applications Degrade Gracefully
By Alejandro Gervasio.
"JavaScript is widely used for applications throughout the web. That's fine, but what happens when someone who has disabled JavaScript on their browser tries to use one of those applications? Nothing -- literally nothing. Fortunately, there is a way to make JavaScript degrade gracefully and improve your visitors' experiences. Keep reading to find out more. This article is the first in a series..."
http://tinyurl.com/27xukf


+09: MISCELLANEOUS.

Three Minutes With Leading Web Designer Steve Krug
By Juan Carlos Perez.
"Web site usability expert and consultant Steve Krug tells all about the best practices and major mistakes in Web design."
http://www.pcworld.com/article/id,133091-c,sites/article.html

Five Pertinent Questions for Andy Budd
By Matthew Pennell.
"Digital Web's own Matthew Pennell stole a moment of Andy Budd's time to bring you Five Pertinent Questions for Andy Budd. Andy and Matthew talk about agency work and conference organization in the lead up to the respected d.Construct conference."
http://www.digital-web.com/articles/5_questions_andy_budd/

Web Accessibility Guidelines - an Interview with Gian Sampson-Wild
By UXpod - User Experience Podcast.
"What is the current status of Version 2 of the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines? Gian Sampson-Wild tells us the story. She also explains how Flickr and Google have used Ajax without sacrificing accessibility..."
http://www.uxpod.com/index.php?post_id=224459

Derek Featherstone Podcast (Straight From the Horse's Mouth Series)
By Christina Wodtk.
"Christina talks with web accessibility expert Derek Featherstone about the emergence of accessibility as a way towards better structure and more usefulness."
http://www.boxesandarrows.com/view/straight-from-the19


+10: NAVIGATION.

About  Click Here and Other Link Text
By Jim Thatcher.
"This is an essay about the accessibility of link text and how that is handled in the guidelines. Since those guidelines are changing, I think it is a good time to look at this issue. Everybody knows that you should not use 'click here' for link text - or do they? The (main) reason this comes up is that screen reader users sometimes navigate through a page with the tab key, moving from link to link. When you do that and hear "link click here" it is annoying at best and you have no idea where the link takes you. In the same way, a blind user can request a links list, and the appearance of 'click here' in that list is not useful..."
http://jimthatcher.com/news.htm#clickhere

Making the Most of Links
By Craig Grannell.
"Utilize CSS to make your website links look much more appealing, while simultaneously enhancing the usability of your site..."
http://www.netmag.co.uk/zine/home/making-the-most-of-links

SEO Friendly Permanent Redirects
By John S. Britsios.
"This tutorial describes how to properly redirect a web page using an HTTP 301 status code and Location header. The 301 status code is used to indicate that a page has permanently moved."
http://www.seoworkers.com/seo-articles-tutorials/permanent-redirects.html

Navigational State of Confusion
By Andy Rutledge.
"People like to know where they are in the world. This is true of people hiking on trails in the woods and it's true of people navigating websites and online applications. But not everyone who makes websites understands this, it seems.... As designers, we're beholden to the relevant context(s) of users' experience. Part of that context is brought by the user, part of it is inherent in the environment, part is tied to the activity at hand, and part of the context is created by our own efforts in the design. As context defines factors relevant to the experience, we cannot ignore context as the other article's author has done. The issue of navigational state declaration is contextual, not absolute..."
http://www.andyrutledge.com/navigational-state-of-confusion.php


+11: PHP.

Unary, Binary, and Ternary Operators in PHP
By Michael Berman.
"An operator is a special character or combination of characters that operates on variables. There are 3 types of operators in PHP: unary, binary and ternary. They can be used to manipulate a variable with up to 3 arguments at a time. This article wasn't written to discuss the meaning and usage of each operator in PHP, but rather to explain the differences between these types of operators and to give examples about how each functions..."
http://www.webreference.com/programming/php_operators/

Working with the Tidy Library in PHP 5 
By Alejandro Gervasio.
"Now that you know that the Tidy (X)HTML formatting/correcting application can be called directly from your own PHP 5 scripts, over the course of this series, which is comprised of three friendly tutorials, I'm going to walk you through using the bunch of useful functions included with this library."
http://www.devshed.com/c/a/PHP/Working-with-the-Tidy-Library-in-PHP-5/

How To Create Alternating Row Colors in PHP
By Michael Berman.
"Almost every database driven Web site uses alternating row colors when displaying a list of records, a concept used all over the Internet. In this article you'll learn about the process and how to implement it..."
http://www.webreference.com/programming/php_color/

Database Techniques and PHP
By Kevin Tatroe, Rasmus Lerdorf, and Peter MacIntyre.
"Picking up where we left off last week in our discussion of databases and PHP, we'll talk about connecting, issuing a query, and more..."
http://www.devshed.com/c/a/PHP/Database-Techniques-and-PHP/

Cross-Platform Database PHP Development
By Daniel Williams.
"PHP developers often encounter instances when their PHP scripts must adhere to a variety of different platforms. Often this includes database interactivity. While many PHP developers write code to interact with MySQL, larger enterprises do not deploy MySQL. To accommodate a larger base of users, a developer might want to adopt the practice of cross-platform development..."
http://www.phpbuilder.com/columns/daniel_williams20070621.php3


+12: STANDARDS, GUIDELINES & PATTERNS.

Web Standards, the Three-Legged Race
By Porter Glendinning.
"...Our industry is engaged in a prolonged three-legged race. On the one side you've got the folks building the user agents and on the other the content and application developers. Where the two come together - the composite third leg as it were - is in standards bodies like the W3C. Just as in a real three-legged race if we spend our time fighting against each other neither one of us will get anywhere. We either win together or lose together. The more important parallel in this analogy, however, is that we also will not win the race if both sides lurch and pause in uncoordinated fits and starts. In order for us to move as quickly as possible we need steady, even forward progress from both sides..."
http://tinyurl.com/24noef

Whither W3C?
By Andy Budd.
"...Rather than being critical about people posting their thoughts to their blogs, if the CSS working group really want to elicit feedback they should embrace the developer community. Do what the WHATWG does and set up watch lists for common terms like CSS3 or CSS2.2, post regularly to their blog and set up an official wiki. If the CSS working group really want feedback, they need to start by offering more transparency and make it easier for people to contribute."
http://www.andybudd.com/archives/2007/06/whither_w3c/

They Aren't HTML5 Docs in the First Place
By Sean Fraser.
"...I thought about what constitutes failure and acceptance between HTML 4.01, XHTML 1.0 and HTML5. It's content. I did some simple test cases..."
http://tinyurl.com/2dcftb

Data Integration and Transparency
By Tim Berners-Lee.
Slides from this talk are available online. Conclusion: "Next steps should all be Semantic Web standards compatible. Don't upset existing systems. Don't make new ontologies unless you have to. Government agencies should be transparent and accountable. We have the technology. Plan for unexpected re-use."
http://www.w3.org/2007/Talks/0618-egov-tbl/#(1)

HTML5 and XHTML 1.1+ MUST Stop for Now
By Molly E. Holzschlag.
"Discussions about HTML5 should stop. Discussions about XHTML 1.1+ should stop. Full stop."
http://tinyurl.com/yo66ev

So How Do We Fix the Web, Really?
By Molly E. Holzschlag.
"...One thing is absolutely key and that is there is no way we are going to empower each other and create the Web in the great vision it was intended to be if we do not address the critical issue of education. And stability. And these things take time. It requires far better orchestration than I personally have been able to figure out, and while the W3C, WHAT WG, WaSP and other groups have made numerous attempts to address some of these concerns, we have failed. We haven't done a good job so far to create learning tools and truly assist the working web designer and developer become informed and better at what he or she can do. We haven't done a good job sitting down at the table together and coming up with baseline strategies for user agents and tools...."
http://www.molly.com/2007/06/19/so-how-do-we-fix-the-web-really/

Marathon 2.0
By Shelley Powers.
"...The web is like a marathon. The specifications define the rules, and the implementations define the course. It is up to the individuals to determine how fast they want to run the course. Molly says, because a developer in Evansville, Illinois or Budapest, Hungary is still using HTML tables for layout that the web is 'broken'. I think what she's really saying, though, is that the web works too well. There is a bewildering wealth of technology we can pick and choose from, and it can be both intimidating and exhausting trying to stay aware of all of it, much less stay proficient in any of it. It also seems like we're surrounded by people who know it all. They don't, though. No one knows it all..."
http://burningbird.net/technology/marathon-20/

WCAG, HTML, and CSS: Maybe the Standards Need a Break
By Jens Meiert.
"Molly Holzschlag recently posted an article about stopping the development on HTML 5 and XHTML 2.0 until implementations are consistent for HTML 4.01 and others. It is surprising because one of the main goals of HTML 5 is exactly this, a 'CALL for consistent implementation of these most basic specifications in all current browsers and devices to this point'.
http://tinyurl.com/2a2yfc

Stop the Web We Want to Get Off
By Gary Barber.
"...The key is we have to move forward. stagnate and it dies. Stop and you get the silos of standards and in come the proprietary tags. Or someone else will come from behind you and change it all and implement it in a way that could make it worse (look at the mobile web). So what do you think do we freeze or set it free? Is Molly right?"
http://manwithnoblog.com/2007/06/15/stop-the-web-we-want-to-get-off/

WHATWG to Start Work on "Bible5"
By Michael Penman (forwarded to www-html)
"LOL!...'After their successful work on HTML5, CSS5, XML5, SVG5, and Web5, the WHATWG has announced that it has started work on a new version of the Bible, to be called Bible5'.
http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-html/2007Jun/0008.html

Fixing the Web...Together!
By Karl Dubost.
"Molly Holzschlag recently posted an article about stopping the development on HTML 5 and XHTML 2.0 until implementations are consistent for HTML 4.01 and others. It is surprising because one of the main goals of HTML 5 is exactly this, a 'CALL for consistent implementation of these most basic specifications in all current browsers and devices to this point'....Fixing bugs in browsers becomes a lot easier when the content is valid and correctly written. How do we fix all these authoring tools? these HTML scripting libraries in python, perl, .Net, etc? How do we fix authors who are writing bad HTML codes? How do we fix this 95% of the Web? HTML 5 is the start of an answer. It is not the ultimate answer, but it helps a lot to achieve what you are exactly calling for. Getting interoperability..."
http://www.w3.org/QA/2007/06/fixing_the_web_together.html

Business Case for Web Standards  Wiki
Created By Chris Heilmann.
"I thought it a good idea to set up a wiki to collect information on this topic as there are a lot of presentations written about it but all differ in approach and content and collating all these great ideas can help us form a solid approach to selling web standards to the business..."
http://icant.co.uk/webstandardsforbusiness/


+13: TOOLS.

Web Accessibility Toolbar [For IE], Version 2.0 Beta
By Steve Faulkner.
Version 2.0 is out.
http://www.paciellogroup.com/resources/wat-ie-about.html

(X)HTML5 Conformance Checking Service Technology Preview
By Henri Sivonen.
"...The validation service checks whether a given document meets the constraints of the chosen schema(s). Both XML syntax and compact syntax RELAX NG schemas are supported. There is 'experimental' support for standalone (not embedded) Schematron 1.5 schemas. There are also non-schema checkers that can be used like schemas..."
http://hsivonen.iki.fi/validator/html5/


+14: TYPOGRAPHY.

Incremental Leading
By Mark Boulton.
"There has been a lot said recently about Vertical Rhythm. Richard Rutter began the work on 24ways last year with the piece 'Compose to a Vertical Rhythm'. This was built upon by Wilson Minor on A List Apart recently with his article on Baseline Grids. All sound typographic advice. If you haven't read both of them, I'd urge you to do so now otherwise you know what I'm on about it in this post. At @media this year, I presented 'Five Simple Steps to Better Typography'. Step two in my presentation was  Vertical Rhythm where I reiterated some of the excellent points Richard made in his article and also the presentation we both gave in at SXSW in March. I also added something of my own: Incremental leading, or Incremental line-height."
http://www.markboulton.co.uk/journal/comments/incremental_leading/


+15: USABILITY.

Mental Workload for Paged and Scrolled Documents
By Peter Krantz.
"In a recent doctoral thesis from the department of psychology at Gothenburg University, Sweden, Erik W�stlund provides some interesting findings on mental workload for consumption of information. Two of the principal findings are: 1. Consumption of information is more efficient when information is presented on paper compared to presenting the information on a computer screen. 2. Consumption of information generates less mental workload when the page layout is adapted to fit the screen."
http://www.standards-schmandards.com/2007/paged-or-scrolled/

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