Respiratory System

CSD 2230

Respiratory System

Respiration is the process of moving air in and out of the lungs.
- inhaling (inspiration) - taking in oxygen
- exhaling (expiration) - giving off carbon dioxide
Functions of Respiratory System
- Primary Biological Functions are to supply oxygen to the blood and to remove excess carbon dioxide from the body.
- Generating Source for Speech Production
What makes up the respiratory system?
- nose
- mouth
- pharynx
- larynx
- trachea
- bronchi
- lungs
  - alveoli
Specific structures
- Structural Framework for the Respiratory System that supports the respiratory system
  - Vertebral Column
  - Rib Cage or Thorax
    - Sternum
  - Pectoral Girdle
    - Clavicle
    - Scapula
  - Pelvic Girdle
- Pulmonary System
  - Trachea
  - Lungs
    - 3 D Lung
- Musculature of Respiratory System
  - Muscles of Inhalation
    - Diaphram - most important muscle of respiration, muscle contraction causes the diaphragm to move in downward. The lungs are pulled in a downward direction, which increases lung volume.
    - External Intercostal Muscles - assists in increasing the size of thoracic cavity
    - Internal Intercostal Muscles - help control the descent of the rib cage during exhalation for speech purposes
  - Muscles of Exhalation
    - Abdominal muscles contribute to the process of exhalation by assisting the diaphragm's movement back to its relaxed dome shaped configuration.
Physiology of Breathing
- Quiet Breathing (Tidal Breathing)- does not require active contraction of expiratory muscles. Gravity acting on elevated rib cage and elasticity of lung tissue help return thorax and lungs to relaxed state.
- Speech Breathing
  - Occurs at major linguistic boundaries such as end of phrases or sentences.
  - Time spent inhaling is shortened and time spent exhaling is increased.
  - Primary role during speech breathing is to control vocal intensity. Loudness is directly proportional to the amount of air pressure the lungs apply to vocal folds.
Resources

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