State
the Hardy-Weinberg principle
In the absence of:
Selection
Mutation
Migration
Genetic Drift (random chance)
Non-random Mating
Genotype frequencies can be predicted from allele
frequencies AND
Allele frequencies in a population will not change from
one generation to the next
Describe
how allele and genotype frequencies are calculated in a population.
Be able to calculate allele frequency from
genotype frequency
(1/2H + R)/N = frequency
of recessive allele = “q”
Be able to calculate genotype
frequency from allele frequency
D
= p2, H = 2pq, R = q2
Explain
why the Hardy-Weinberg principle is useful in evolutionary biology
identifies
the forces that will cause evolution in the real world. It is the null model. If a population is not in HW equilibrium, one
of the assumptions is being violated – further research may be productive
Be
able to determine if Hardy-Weinberg assumptions hold by using Chi square analysis (of current population)
1.
Calculate allele
frequencies
2.
Calculate expected
genotype frequencies
3.
Calculate expected
number of genotypes
4.
Calculate chi-square
test statistic
5.
Compare test statistic
to table of critical values to determine if difference between observed and
expected is significant
Probability (P value)
|
Degrees of Freedom |
0.05 |
0.01 |
|
1 |
3.84 |
6.64 |