1. Cytokines
TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR α
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similar to IL-1 in terms of actions: causes fibroblast proliferation, chemokine induction (IL-6, IL-8), T and B cell activation
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effects on many cell types (at least 17 different kinds) - causes a decrease in the rate of proliferation of tumour cells while sparing normal cells
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intra-arterial administration due to extremely short half-life and toxicity
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severe dose-limiting toxicity is malaise and flu-like symptoms - can cause hemorrhagic necrosis