+++ WEB DESIGN UPDATE. - Volume 20, Issue 11, September 8, 2021. An email newsletter to distribute news and information about web design and development. ++ISSUE 11 CONTENTS. SECTION ONE: New references. What's new at the Web Design Reference site? https://www.d.umn.edu/itss/training/online/webdesign/ New links in these categories: 01: ACCESSIBILITY. 02: CASCADING STYLE SHEETS. 03: COLOR. 04: EVALUATION & TESTING. 05: EVENTS. 06: HTML. 07: JAVASCRIPT. 08: MISCELLANEOUS. 09: PHP. 10: TOOLS. 11: TYPOGRAPHY. 12: USABILITY. 13: WEBWASTE & SUSTAINABILITY. 14: XML. SECTION TWO: 15: What Can You Find at the Web Design Reference Site? [Contents ends.] ++ SECTION ONE: New references. +01: ACCESSIBILITY. WCAG 2.2 Introduces New Requirements for Hidden Controls By Bureau of Internet Accessibility "The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.2 Working Draft contains several new success criteria to help designers, programmers, and developers create more accessible websites. One of the newest editions is Success Criterion (SC) 3.2.7, Visible Controls…" https://www.boia.org/blog/wcag-2.2-introduces-new-requirements-for-hidden-controls Notes on Synthetic Speech By Léonie Watson. "I've been thinking about conversational interfaces for some time, and about the importance of voice quality as a part of user experience…" https://tink.uk/notes-on-synthetic-speech/ UX=Accessibility & Accessibility=UX By Gareth Ford Williams. "…Before a product or service is designed, when it is still a concept, everyone has a comparative and I dare say equal experience of it. But as soon as designers start to make decisions, rightly or wrongly, more and more people are designed out either permanently or contextually. This is rarely proactive, but is a consequence of a lack of empathy between a designer and the reality of the lives of the customers they are designing for…By shifting from a compliance first to a user outcome first UX model, there is a lot to be gained in terms of impact, engagement, inclusion and importantly we'd have meaningful data." https://uxdesign.cc/ux-accessibility-accessibility-ux-3f609617c480 5 Steps for Writing Alt Text for Accessibility By Bureau of Internet Accessibility. "…Follow these steps to make sure your image descriptions are as useful as possible…" https://www.boia.org/blog/5-steps-for-writing-alt-text-for-accessibility Can You Check Web Accessibility By Downloading a Screen Reader? By Bureau of Internet Accessibility. "…Testing your website with a screen reader may highlight issues that you wouldn't have discovered otherwise, but it can also be a frustrating and disorienting experience that doesn't give you many useful insights. Before downloading a screen reader, here's what you need to know…" https://www.boia.org/blog/can-you-check-web-accessibility-by-downloading-a-screen-reader From Nothing to Something: How A Team of 2 Kickstarted an Accessibility Program By Alexis Lucio and Sim K Sidhu. "…they will share learnings in developing an accessibility team…" https://www.deque.com/blog/from-nothing-to-something-how-a-team-of-2-kickstarted-an-accessibility-program/ Gov. Pritzker Celebrates Increasing Access to Online Learning for Students with Disabilities By illinois.gov. "Today, Governor Pritzker commemorated the signing of legislation ensuring equitable access to learning for students with disabilities, making Illinois a national leader in requiring Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) compliance for digital education tools in K-12 schools…" https://www.illinois.gov/news/press-release.23846.html U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of New York Issues Important Opinion on the Inapplicability of Title III of the Americans with Disabilities Act to Consumer-Facing Websites By Blank Rome. "In Winegard v. Newsday LLC, No. 19-CV-04420(EK)(RER) (E.D.N.Y. August 16, 2021), the Honorable Eric R. Komitee held that a website does not constitute a 'place of public accommodation' under Title III of the Americans with Disabilities Act ('ADA') and granted Newsday's motion to dismiss…" https://www.blankrome.com/publications/us-district-court-eastern-district-new-york-issues-important-opinion-inapplicability +02: CASCADING STYLE SHEETS. You Want Enabling CSS Selectors, Not Disabling Ones By Silvestar Bistrović. "An enabling selector is what I call a selector that does a job without disabling the particular rule. I'll explain using the following example…" https://www.silvestar.codes/articles/you-want-a-single-enabling-selector-not-the-one-that-disables-the-rule-of-the-previous-one/ +03: COLOR. Color and Universal Design By Steven Hoober. "…Use color properly for your context…Design based on contrast and a higher-level understanding of visibility, legibility, and readability…" https://www.uxmatters.com/mt/archives/2021/09/color-and-universal-design.php +04: EVALUATION & TESTING. UX and Net Promoter Benchmarks of Drugstore Websites By Jim Lewis and Jeff Sauro. "…We collected SUPR-Q and Net Promoter data, investigated reasons for using the websites, measured users' attitudes regarding their experiences, assessed components of UX, and analyzed reported usability problems…" https://measuringu.com/drugstore-benchmarks-2021/ Rethinking User Personas By Cindy Brummer. "…Personas need relevance - a trait often lost in an effort to simplify and move quickly. What designers need is a new framework for creating personas. This framework should steer designers toward better understanding, empathy, and inclusion." https://www.uxbooth.com/articles/rethinking-user-personas/ +05: EVENTS. Getting Started in Accessibility September 15, October 14, November 10, December 9, 2021, and January 12, 2022. Online https://www.eventbrite.com/e/getting-started-in-accessibility-tickets-157655474769 WCAG V2.1: Understanding the Basics September 16, 2021. Online https://accessibilityonline.org/ada-tech/session/?id=110956 Design Thinking September 20-22, 2021. Austin, Texas, U.S.A. https://www.designinnovationglobal.com/events-design-thinking Festival of UX & Design September 20-24, 2021. Online https://mobileuxlondon.com/ World Interaction Design Day September 28, 2021. Online https://interactiondesignday.org/ Virtual Reality in the Dark: VR Development for People Who Are Blind September 28, 2021. Online https://www.meetup.com/a11yvr/events/280442199/ International JavaScript Conference October 25-29, 2021. Munich, Germany and Online https://javascript-conference.com/munich/ HalfStack Phoenix January 14, 2022. Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A. https://halfstackconf.com/phoenix/ Assistive Technology Industry Association (ATIA) 2022 January 25-29, 2022. Online and Orlando, Florida, U.S.A. https://www.atia.org/atia-2022/ +06: HTML. Element Diversity By Manuel Matuzović. "…while HTML might not be the most complex frontend language, it's the most important language with the biggest impact on users. Learning how to write HTML is not as hard as learning to write JavaScript, but learning how to write it in a way that it best possibly benefits users also takes time. The least we can do is to familiarize ourselves properly with the elements and attributes it provides us with." https://www.matuzo.at/blog/element-diversity/ Crossed Out Content By Manuel Matuzović. "HTML provides us with 2 different ways of identifying crossed out text*, the s and the del element…" https://www.htmhell.dev/tips/crossed-out-content/ HTML Inputs and Labels: A Love Story By Amber Wilson. "Most inputs have something in common - they are happiest with a companion label! And the happiness doesn't stop there. Forms with proper inputs and labels are much easier for people to use and that makes people happy too…" https://css-tricks.com/html-inputs-and-labels-a-love-story/ Bruce Lawson on How Timbo Made Loveliness (Video) By Bruce Lawson. "Sir Uncle Timbo (AKA Tim Berners-Lee) designed the web with some core principles in mind. These still hold true today, and ensure that sites from 30 years ago still work, and will continue to do so. This talk isn't very technical, but is vital to understand the philosophy behind the foundational language of the web, HTML, how it evolves, what version it's at now and - most importantly for your future as a web engineer - how *you* should use it…" (From Class Central Web Development Bootcamp, hosted by Jessica Rose) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tgXbbOirY8o +07: JAVASCRIPT. Building a Resilient Frontend Using Progressive Enhancement By GOV.UK "Progressive enhancement is a way of building websites and applications…" https://www.gov.uk/service-manual/technology/using-progressive-enhancement The Single-Page-App Morality Play By Baldur Bjarnason. "…Single-Page-Apps can be fantastic. Most teams will mess them up because most teams operate in dysfunctional organisations. Multi-Page-Apps can also be fantastic, both in highly functional organisations that can apply them when and where they are appropriate and in dysfunctional ones, as they enforce a limit to project scope…" https://www.baldurbjarnason.com/2021/single-page-app-morality-play/ +08: MISCELLANEOUS. A is for Accessibility with John Rochford (Video) By Portland Helmich, Open Access Technologies. "…today I'm talking to John Rochford, head of INDEX, a program at UMass Medical School that focuses on developing web technology for people with disabilities. John is also on the faculty of UMass Medical School, assists the World Wide Web Consortium in writing accessibility guidelines, and speaks internationally for the U.S. State Department about artificial intelligence empowerment and fairness for people with disabilities…" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UsrHGKqiT_c A is for Accessibility with Sharron Rush (Video) By Portland Helmich, Open Access Technologies. "…I am talking to Sharron Rush, Co-founder and Executive Director of Knowbility. A nonprofit leader in accessible information technology in Austin, Texas…" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m4QTgXj7q6Q A is for Accessibility with Greg Donnelly (Video) By Portland Helmich, Open Access Technologies. "I'm talking to Greg Donnelly, President and CEO of The Carroll Center for the Blind in the greater Boston area…" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Df2Y6kNAw40 The Latest Podcasts From Open Access Technologies https://www.openaccesstech.com/podcasts/ Q&A With Wendy Chisholm, Principal Accessibility Architect, Microsoft By Equal Entry. "Wendy Chisholm is a principal accessibility architect at Microsoft. She leads AI for Accessibility, a $25 million grant program that aims to accelerate the development of accessible and intelligent AI solutions that amplify human capability for the more than 1 billion people worldwide with a disability…" https://equalentry.com/accessibility-activist-wendy-chisholm/ Mobile Screen Reader 101: How a Blind Person Uses a Smartphone By Rhea Althea Guntalilib. "…here I share how I use the VoiceOver screen reader on my iPhone…" https://equalentry.com/mobile-screen-reader-101/ What They Don't Tell You When You Translate Your app By Eric Bailey. "…I recently had the privilege of helping a client with localization efforts for their website. There are some things I did not run into in my web research that I learned in actually doing the work, things that I feel are worth capturing and sharing…" https://ericwbailey.design/writing/what-they-dont-tell-you-when-you-translate-your-app/ Briefing to the UK Competition and Markets Authority on Apple's iOS browser monopoly and Progressive Web Apps By Bruce Lawson. "…Submissions from the public were invited, so I replied and was invited, with 'Clark Kent' (a UK iOS Web-Apps developer who wishes to be anonymous) and Stuart Langridge to brief the CMA in more detail. We were asked to attend for 2 hours, so spoke for one hour, and then took questions…" https://brucelawson.co.uk/2021/briefing-to-the-uk-competition-and-markets-authority-on-apples-ios-browser-monopoly-and-progressive-web-apps/ Web Development History 1995: Apache and Microsoft IIS Shake Up the Web Server Market By Richard MacManus. "From January 1995 through till the end of December, the Web grew from just over 10,000 websites to 100,000…" https://webdevelopmenthistory.com/1995-apache-microsoft-iis-web-server-market/ +09: PHP. What's New in PHP 8.1: Features, Changes, Improvements, and More By Salman Ravoof. "…In this article, we'll cover in detail what's new in PHP 8.1. From its new features and performance improvements to significant changes and deprecations, we'll go through them all in-depth…" https://kinsta.com/blog/php-8-1/ +10: TOOLS. ITAG - Prioritization Guide By Big Ten Academic Alliance. "To help determine the priority a particular project should receive for accessibility, submit answers to the following questions. You will receive a response indicating whether the priority level should be high, medium, or low. The questions take into account various considerations that come into play in determining where to focus resources and effort first…" https://www.btaa.org/technology/itaccessibility/prioritization-guide Axe-core vs PA11Y: Which One Should You Choose? By Craig Abbott. "…Spoiler alert, all automated tools perform poorly. This doesn't mean we shouldn't use them. But we need to remain realistic about how many errors we may still have on our pages, even if the tools can't find them…What is clear from the results, is that each tool definitely finds things which the other does not. Therefore, from these tests, I would recommend using both axe-core and PA11Y in your acceptance tests. By using both you can expect to find around 35% of known issues…" http://www.craigabbott.co.uk/blog/axe-core-vs-pa11y Text Spacing Bookmarklet By Steve Faulkner. "…Last updated 6th September 2021…" https://cdpn.io/stevef/debug/YLMqbo +11: TYPOGRAPHY. Braille Institute's Atkinson Hyperlegible Typeface Now Available on Google Fonts By Braille Institute of America. "Award-winning font designed specifically to help with legibility and improve readability for people with low vision…" https://brailleinstitute.org/blog/press-releases/braille-institutes-atkinson-hyperlegible-typeface-now-available-on-google-fonts +12: USABILITY. Labeling and Placement of the Logout Button in Mobile Surveys By Shelley Feuer, Brian Falcone, Elizabeth Nichols, Erica L. Olmsted-Hawala, Lin Wang. "…We developed the first experiment of a two-experiment laboratory study to explore whether action buttons labeled with text specifying the button's functionality are more easily interpreted and preferred by the user…Results showed that main screen placement resulted in greater accuracy, faster completion time, and less self-reported difficulty. Further, participants overwhelming preferred that the logout button be placed on the main screen compared to anywhere inside a menu…" https://uxpajournal.org/labeling-placement-logout-button-mobile-surveys/ Usability of Access Codes By Elizabeth Nichols, Erica L. Olmsted-Hawala, Sabin Lakhe, Lin Wang. "Access codes are a series of numbers, letters, or characters provided to a user when there is a level of identification required to gain entry to an online service, such as the claim code for an online gift certificate…This paper presents findings from experiments comparing users' error rate, speed of entry, and ease-of-use with different access codes…" https://uxpajournal.org/usability-access-codes/ Designing for Long Waits and Interruptions: Mitigating Breaks in Workflow in Complex Application Design By Kate Kaplan. "5 guidelines help users tolerate the long waits and frequent interruptions that are typical of complex workflows." https://www.nngroup.com/articles/designing-for-waits-and-interruptions/ 5 Design Laws to Apply to Your Mobile App By Mehul Rajput. "…In this article, I'll consider five mobile-app design laws that can help you level up and attain a higher standard…" https://www.uxmatters.com/mt/archives/2021/09/5-design-laws-to-apply-to-your-mobile-app.php Translating UX Concepts into Design Practice (Video) By Edgar Anzaldua. "Edgar Anzaldua presents a 6-year case study of learning and applying ever-more subtle UX concepts and growing his influence. Always something new to learn, from junior to senior professional level." https://www.nngroup.com/videos/translating-ux-concepts-design-practice/ Why Has User Experience Design Become Legal Experience Design? By Gareth Ford Williams. "Why has it been necessary for lawmakers to tell designers how to do their job? This is a question that is long overdue for discussion…" https://uxdesign.cc/why-has-user-experience-design-become-legal-experience-design-d47d25c42976 Inside Don Norman's Herculean Quest to Fix Design Education By Elissaveta M. Brandon. "At 85, the legendary designer and author of The Design of Everyday Things is on a mission to rethink out-of-touch design schools. Just don't call it a swan song…" https://www.fastcompany.com/90669651/inside-don-normans-herculean-quest-to-fix-design-education Teaching an Old Dog New Tricks: Revamping Legacy Web Products By Josh Delung. "…When UX teams are engaged by product owners about replacing legacy IT systems with a newly designed COTS system, they can follow these steps that the TAT team found key to success…" https://www.uxbooth.com/articles/teaching-an-old-dog-new-tricks-revamping-legacy-web-products/ +13: WEBWASTE & SUSTAINABILITY. Reducing Carbon Emissions On The Web By Welsh Marches. "Websites, unfortunately, aren't as environmentally friendly as we might like them to be. This article contains some thoughts and experiences from trying to clean them up…" https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2021/09/reducing-carbon-emissions-on-web/ The Environmental Cost of Search By Gerry McGovern. "…I know I search when I don't need to. I know that if I thought a little more before I did a search, I'd search less. I know it's often the third or fourth search before I get the search phrase right. Imagine if we could halve the number of searches we did every day? That would save 240,000 tons of CO2. I mean, that's something, isn't it? Every little helps. It is a climate emergency. Think about it." https://gerrymcgovern.com/the-environmental-cost-of-search/ +14: XML. Image SVG aria-hack=resolved By Scott O'Hara. "It's a good day when you can verify an accessibility issue has been resolved…" https://www.scottohara.me//note/2021/09/03/img-svg-source.html [Section one ends.] ++ SECTION TWO: +15: What Can You Find at the Web Design Reference Site? Accessibility Information. https://www.d.umn.edu/itss/training/online/webdesign/accessibility.html Association Information. https://www.d.umn.edu/itss/training/online/webdesign/associations.html Book Listings. https://www.d.umn.edu/itss/training/online/webdesign/books.html Cascading Style Sheets Information. https://www.d.umn.edu/itss/training/online/webdesign/css.html Color Information. https://www.d.umn.edu/itss/training/online/webdesign/color.html Drupal Information. https://www.d.umn.edu/itss/training/online/webdesign/drupal.html Evaluation & Testing Information. https://www.d.umn.edu/itss/training/online/webdesign/testing.html Event Information. https://www.d.umn.edu/itss/training/online/webdesign/events.html HTML Information. https://www.d.umn.edu/itss/training/online/webdesign/html.html Information Architecture Information. https://www.d.umn.edu/itss/training/online/webdesign/architecture.html JavaScript Information. https://www.d.umn.edu/itss/training/online/webdesign/javascript.html Miscellaneous Web Information. https://www.d.umn.edu/itss/training/online/webdesign/misc.html Navigation Information. https://www.d.umn.edu/itss/training/online/webdesign/navigation.html PHP Information. https://www.d.umn.edu/itss/training/online/webdesign/php.html Sites & Blogs Listing. https://www.d.umn.edu/itss/training/online/webdesign/sites.html Standards, Guidelines & Pattern Information. https://www.d.umn.edu/itss/training/online/webdesign/standards.html Tool Information. https://www.d.umn.edu/itss/training/online/webdesign/tools.html Typography Information. https://www.d.umn.edu/itss/training/online/webdesign/type.html Usability Information. https://www.d.umn.edu/itss/training/online/webdesign/usability.html WebWaste & Sustainability Information. https://www.d.umn.edu/itss/training/online/webdesign/webwaste.html XML Information. https://www.d.umn.edu/itss/training/online/webdesign/xml.html [Section two ends.] ++END NOTES. + SUBSCRIPTION INFO. WEB DESIGN UPDATE is available by subscription. For information on how to subscribe and unsubscribe please visit: https://www.d.umn.edu/itss/training/online/webdesign/webdev_listserv.html The Web Design Reference Site also has a RSS 2.0 feed for site updates. + TEXT EMAIL NEWSLETTER (TEN). As a navigation aid for screen readers we do our best to conform to the accessible Text Email Newsletter (TEN) guidelines. Please let me know if there is anything else we can do to make navigation easier. For TEN guideline information please visit: http://www.headstar.com/ten + SIGN OFF. Until next time, Laura L. Carlson Information Technology Systems and Services University of Minnesota Duluth Duluth, MN U.S.A. 55812-3009 mailto:lcarlson@d.umn.edu [Issue ends.]