+++ WEB DESIGN UPDATE. - Volume 20, Issue 23, December 2, 2021. An email newsletter to distribute news and information about web design and development. ++ISSUE 23 CONTENTS. SECTION ONE: New references. What's new at the Web Design Reference site? https://www.d.umn.edu/itss/training/online/webdesign/ New links in these categories: 01: ACCESSIBILITY. 02: CASCADING STYLE SHEETS. 03: EVALUATION & TESTING. 04: EVENTS. 05: MISCELLANEOUS. 06: NAVIGATION. 07: STANDARDS, GUIDELINES & PATTERNS. 08: TOOLS. 09: USABILITY. 10: WEBWASTE & SUSTAINABILITY. SECTION TWO: 11: What Can You Find at the Web Design Reference Site? [Contents ends.] ++ SECTION ONE: New references. +01: ACCESSIBILITY. Understanding WCAG 2.1 Level AAA By Ian Pouncey. "In our first of two posts on WCAG 2.1 Level AAA, we discuss why it is useful and when to consider including it…" https://tetralogical.com/blog/2021/11/26/understanding-wcag-level-aaa/ How to Add Captions to YouTube Videos & Force Captions On By Elisa Lewis. "…If you'd like to embed your YouTube video on your website and you want to force on closed captions, you need to add 'cc_load_policy=1' to the end of the source URL inside the iframe…" https://www.3playmedia.com/blog/force-closed-captions-appear-youtube-videos/ Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About the Accessibility Tree (Video) By Russ Weakley. "This presentation will provide a deep dive into the accessibility tree including how accessible names and accessible descriptions are applied, how ARIA can affect the accessibility tree…" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kv2l_u4NDB8 These Aren't the SCs You're Looking For… (Video) By Patrick H. Lauke. "WCAG is supposed to give us a reasonably objective way of saying whether or not the sites we are building/auditing are 'accessible' (to a particular baseline). However, they are only as useful as our understanding and interpretation of the actual guidelines' normative text. And of course they're not perfect - with some omissions, handwaving, and straight up loopholes.mSo where does this leave developers and auditors? In this talk, Patrick may not have all the answers, but he'll have a good rant around the subject anyway…" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rBCR66aJZZc Making Accessibility More Accessible By Austin Gil. "Get more team members involved with accessibility by sharing tools they'll actually use…" https://austingil.com/making-accessibility-more-accessible/ Still feel like "accessibility makes things better for everyone" has ableist undertones By Nick Colley. "…suggesting that doing work to remove barriers from disabled people is not enough on it's own, it has to benefit non-disabled people too. This appeal to majority can be useful I guess but feels very short term and doesn't really tackle the bigger issue which is people don't invest in accessibility *because* they think it's only for disabled people. Tackling that form of ableism is the long term work that is needed…" https://twitter.com/NickColley/status/1464807684608303104 Checklist By A11Y Project. This checklist uses The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) as a reference point. The WCAG is a shared standard for web content accessibility for individuals, organizations, and governments…" https://www.a11yproject.com/checklist/ Adding A Dyslexia-Friendly Mode To A Website By John C Barstow. "With a little CSS, we can adapt our web designs to be more accommodating for people with dyslexia. In this article, we'll explore those techniques by adding a dyslexia-friendly mode to an existing design…" https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2021/11/dyslexia-friendly-mode-website/ Microsoft Excel By WebAIM. "This article will review some high-level techniques for optimizing Excel workbooks…" https://webaim.org/techniques/excel/ Software Developers Shouldn't Overlook Alt Text By Tammy Xu. "Developers have the power to make alt texts better for users and content creators…" https://builtin.com/software-engineering-perspectives/alt-text-for-developers A11y Myths By Sergei Kriger. "Debunked…" https://a11ymyths.com/ What Is Accessibility in Mobile Apps? By Bureau of Internet Accessibility. "…In this article, we'll discuss a few important principles of mobile accessibility…" https://www.boia.org/blog/what-is-accessibility-in-mobile-apps Part II Chapter 9 Accessibility (From HTTP Archive's 2021 Web Almanac) By Alex Tait, Scott Davis, Olu Niyi-Awosusi, Gary Wilhelm, and Katriel Paige. "Every year the internet grows-as of January 2021 there are 4.66 billion active internet users. Unfortunately, accessibility is not substantially improving alongside this growth as we'll see throughout this chapter…" https://almanac.httparchive.org/en/2021/accessibility New York State Agrees to Fix Accessibility Barriers On COVID-19 Vaccination Website By Bureau of Internet Accessibility. "On October 5, 2021, the United States Justice Department announced agreements with New York State and local government agencies to improve accessibility on COVID-19 vaccination websites. The Justice Department began investigations following the publication of a Kaiser Health News article in February 2020. The story identified numerous website accessibility barriers that affected people with visual impairments…" https://www.boia.org/blog/new-york-state-agrees-to-fix-accessibility-barriers-on-covid-19-vaccination-website Legal Update: November 2021 By Ken Nakata. "…November continued October's trend with tons of new filings but relatively few judicial opinions. Here are some of the more interesting cases I came across-- and both of them look back on earlier opinions…" https://convergeaccessibility.com/2021/11/29/legal-update-november-2021/ +02: CASCADING STYLE SHEETS. The Rules of Margin Collapse By Josh W. Comeau. "In CSS, adjacent margins can sometimes overlap. This is known as 'margin collapse', and it has a reputation for being quite dastardly…" https://www.joshwcomeau.com/css/rules-of-margin-collapse/ +03: EVALUATION & TESTING. 5 Facilitation Principles for Both UX Workshops and User Tests By Kara Pernice. "Both UX workshops and usability tests benefit when facilitators are focused on goals, follow a meeting guide yet are open to improvisation, encourage participants to act, and don't talk too much." https://www.nngroup.com/articles/facilitate-ux-workshop-user-test/ UX Research Made Agile By Dora Brune. "Test early and often is a key recommendation for UX research. Dora Brune shares her approach, including regular Open Test Labs to engage more product teams and make user research more agile. Kinder Eggs make for a nice warmup task, even in remote tests. (Recorded at a participant panel at the UX Conference.)" https://www.nngroup.com/videos/ux-research-made-agile/ Comparison of Select-All-That-Apply Items with Yes/No Forced Choice Items By Jim Lewis and Jeff Sauro. "…Prior research has suggested that people tend to select more items when presented with a forced choice (yes/no) format than with a select-all-that-apply (SATA) format, and some have argued against ever using SATA in research. We review findings from previous research and report the results of new studies comparing a standard SATA grid format with two forced choice formats: a yes/no grid and a series of individual yes/no questions…" https://uxpajournal.org/comparison-of-select-all-forced-choice-items/ Sliders Versus Five-Point Numeric Scales on Desktop and Mobile Devices By Jim Lewis and Jeff Sauro. "…In this article, we describe research in which respondents used sliders and numeric scales to complete a short survey on either a desktop or mobile device…" https://measuringu.com/uxlite-numeric-slider-desktop-mobile/ +04: EVENTS. How to Create Accessible Captioned Videos for WordPress Sites & Beyond with Meryl K. Evans December 2, 2021. Online https://www.meetup.com/wordpress-accessibility-meetup-group/events/bxmrksyccqbdb/ How to Integrate Web Accessibility in ICT Courses in Higher Education December 8, 2021. Online http://www.iaapnordic.org/events/webbinarier/webinar-8-december-how-to-integrate-web-accessibility-in-ict-courses-in-higher-education/ Lightning Talks - Allies for Allies December 9, 2021. Online https://www.meetup.com/A11YPrinceton/events/282025788/ Building a JavaScript Library from Scratch with Chris Ferdinandi December 9, 2021. Online https://frontend.horse/episode/building-a-javascript-library-from-scratch Why We Need More Accessibility Designers with Anna E Cooks December 15, 2021. Online https://groups.drupal.org/node/536580 Broke with Accessible Taste: Understanding the Economics of Digital Access in US January 11, 2022. Online https://www.meetup.com/A11yNYC/events/282246008/ SmashingConf March 28-31, 2022. San Francisco, California, U.S.A. https://smashingconf.com/sf-2022 An Event Apart Seattle April 18-20, 2022. Seattle, Washington, U.S.A. https://aneventapart.com/event/seattle-2022 +05: MISCELLANEOUS. Web Almanac By HTTP Archive. "Our mission is to combine the raw stats and trends of the HTTP Archive with the expertise of the web community. The Web Almanac is a comprehensive report on the state of the web, backed by real data and trusted web experts. The 2021 edition is comprised of 24 chapters spanning aspects of page content, user experience, publishing, and distribution…" https://almanac.httparchive.org/en/2021/ W3C DevRel - TPAC 21 Debrief By Marie-Claire Forgue. "W3C's 2021 annual conference (TPAC) concluded last month and we take the opportunity to debrief this successful virtual event through the lens of developer relations…" https://www.w3.org/blog/2021/11/w3c-devrel-tpac21-debrief/ Shattering Assumptions About Deafness with Meryl Evans (Video) By A11yTalks. "Do all deaf people know how to read lips? Know sign language? Can they drive? There are many misconceptions about deaf and hard-of-hearing people. Meryl will set the record straight…" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hTZqC6uVmuQ Paradigm Shifts in Interacting With Virtual Environments: A Focus on Deaf People By Equal Entry. "Accessibility VR meetup Recap…" https://equalentry.com/virtual-reality-for-deaf-a11yvr-recap/ What is Ableism By Rakesh Paladugula. "…Ableism is a form of descrimination in which a person with disability by default is assumed that they have less capabilities than the rest of the population…" https://www.maxability.co.in/2021/11/28/what-is-ableism/ An Update on Google and the Open Web By Martin Underhill. "This time last year, I wrote about how Google were spoiling my Blue Beanie Day. Well, it's Blue Beanie Day again and in the year that has passed there have been some changes; some positive, others not so much…" https://www.tempertemper.net/blog/an-update-on-google-and-the-open-web +06: NAVIGATION. How to Write Better Link Text for Accessibility By The Big Hack. "Links. They help us navigate from one place to another. But sometimes it's tricky to know how to write useful link text.…" https://bighack.org/how-to-write-better-link-text-for-accessibility/ What Do We Do With a Link or Button Matters By Martin Underhill. "I see it all over the place, in guidance and instructions: 'Click Continue'. 'Click the Close button', 'Click the text box and enter your name'. But do we all click?…" https://www.tempertemper.net/blog/what-do-we-do-with-a-link-or-button-matters +07: STANDARDS, GUIDELINES & PATTERNS. Blue Beanie Day 2021 By Jeffrey Zeldman. "…Do this on November 30 as a reminder to design accessible, web-standards-based websites 365 days a year…" http://www.zeldman.com/2021/11/30/blue-beanie-day-2021/ Blue Beanie Day: Celebrate Web Standards on November 30 By Deborah Edwards-Onoro. "Hard to believe it's been 15 years since Blue Beanie Day launched on November 30, 2006…" https://www.lireo.com/blue-beanie-day-celebrate-web-standards-november-30/ +08: TOOLS. UITest.com By Jens Oliver Meiert. "Test your website in more than 80 tools…" https://twitter.com/uitestcom +09: USABILITY. Sympathy vs. Empathy in UX (Video) By Sarah Gibbons. "Sympathy acknowledges that users are having difficulties, but empathy goes further by understanding the users' needs and motivations." https://www.nngroup.com/videos/sympathy-vs-empathy-ux/ Laws of UX By Jon Yablonski. "Laws of UX is a collection of best practices that designers can consider when building user interfaces…" https://lawsofux.com/ Dual Cognitive UXD and Explainable AI By Karen Cham, Raida Shakiry, Carl Yates. "…The goal of this essay is to share seminal research findings in eCommerce and games UX as a foundation for a dual cognitive or 'deep user experience design' (Deep UXD) that integrates biometric insights…" https://uxpajournal.org/dual-cognitive-uxd-explainable-ai/ +10: WEBWASTE & SUSTAINABILITY. Frugal Data: Heavy Data is a Heavy Polluter By Gerry McGovern. "…Be frugal with your data. Good for the climate. Good for communication." https://gerrymcgovern.com/frugal-data-heavy-data-is-a-heavy-polluter/ Hat tip to Mike Gifford for the following: LOWWW By Hey Low. "This directory of lightweight websites has been created to inspire actors of the digital industry to design and build lighter and greener products…" https://lowww.directory/ Make Your Technology Sustainable By GOV.UK. "Increase sustainability throughout the lifecycle of your technology…" https://www.gov.uk/guidance/make-your-technology-sustainable Greenspeed By Chris Adams. Danilo Velasquez, and Flo Wirtz. "Greenspeed is two things: 1. A lightweight wrapper around the excellent Sitespeed, with some defaults that are designed to make it easy to use sitespeed as part of the toolbox for carbon-aware, sustainable web design. 2. A forkable repo…" https://github.com/thegreenwebfoundation/greenspeed How to Design a Sustainable Data Strategy By Tim Frick. "In this guide, we walk you through nine essential steps to designing a sustainable data strategy for your organization…" https://www.mightybytes.com/blog/design-a-sustainable-data-strategy/ Calculating Digital Emissions By Rym Baouendi, Dryden Williams, Tom Greenwood, and Tim Frick. "Calculating greenhouse gas emissions from digital products and services isn't easy…" https://sustainablewebdesign.org/calculating-digital-emissions/ Apple Announces Self Service Repair By Apple. "Apple parts, tools, and manuals - starting with iPhone 12 and iPhone 13 - available to individual consumers…" https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2021/11/apple-announces-self-service-repair/ New Law Forces French Operators to Disclose Carbon Footprint to Public By Mathieu Pollet. "The French Senate has passed a law that aims to reduce the environmental footprint of digital technology, which includes an obligation for French telecoms operators to disclose to the public what they are doing to this end…" https://www.euractiv.com/section/digital/news/new-law-forces-french-operators-to-disclose-carbon-footprint-to-public/ How Can We Break The Cycle Of Less Time = More Waste? By Ted Hunt. "This post is a brief thought experiment about the time-to-waste balance…" https://www.ecover.com/blog/experiments-in-waste/no-time-to-waste/ Curiously Green By Wholegrain Digital. A green web newsletter. https://www.wholegraindigital.com/curiously-green/ [Section one ends.] ++ SECTION TWO: +11: What Can You Find at the Web Design Reference Site? Accessibility Information. https://www.d.umn.edu/itss/training/online/webdesign/accessibility.html Association Information. https://www.d.umn.edu/itss/training/online/webdesign/associations.html Book Listings. https://www.d.umn.edu/itss/training/online/webdesign/books.html Cascading Style Sheets Information. https://www.d.umn.edu/itss/training/online/webdesign/css.html Color Information. https://www.d.umn.edu/itss/training/online/webdesign/color.html Drupal Information. https://www.d.umn.edu/itss/training/online/webdesign/drupal.html Evaluation & Testing Information. https://www.d.umn.edu/itss/training/online/webdesign/testing.html Event Information. https://www.d.umn.edu/itss/training/online/webdesign/events.html HTML Information. https://www.d.umn.edu/itss/training/online/webdesign/html.html Information Architecture Information. https://www.d.umn.edu/itss/training/online/webdesign/architecture.html JavaScript Information. https://www.d.umn.edu/itss/training/online/webdesign/javascript.html Miscellaneous Web Information. https://www.d.umn.edu/itss/training/online/webdesign/misc.html Navigation Information. https://www.d.umn.edu/itss/training/online/webdesign/navigation.html PHP Information. https://www.d.umn.edu/itss/training/online/webdesign/php.html Sites & Blogs Listing. https://www.d.umn.edu/itss/training/online/webdesign/sites.html Standards, Guidelines & Pattern Information. https://www.d.umn.edu/itss/training/online/webdesign/standards.html Tool Information. https://www.d.umn.edu/itss/training/online/webdesign/tools.html Typography Information. https://www.d.umn.edu/itss/training/online/webdesign/type.html Usability Information. https://www.d.umn.edu/itss/training/online/webdesign/usability.html WebWaste & Sustainability Information. https://www.d.umn.edu/itss/training/online/webdesign/webwaste.html XML Information. https://www.d.umn.edu/itss/training/online/webdesign/xml.html [Section two ends.] ++END NOTES. + SUBSCRIPTION INFO. WEB DESIGN UPDATE is available by subscription. For information on how to subscribe and unsubscribe please visit: https://www.d.umn.edu/itss/training/online/webdesign/webdev_listserv.html The Web Design Reference Site also has a RSS 2.0 feed for site updates. + TEXT EMAIL NEWSLETTER (TEN). As a navigation aid for screen readers we do our best to conform to the accessible Text Email Newsletter (TEN) guidelines. Please let me know if there is anything else we can do to make navigation easier. For TEN guideline information please visit: http://www.headstar.com/ten + SIGN OFF. Until next time, Laura L. Carlson Information Technology Systems and Services University of Minnesota Duluth Duluth, MN U.S.A. 55812-3009 mailto:lcarlson@d.umn.edu [Issue ends.]