+++ WEB DESIGN UPDATE. - Volume 21, Issue 36, March 1, 2023. An email newsletter to distribute news and information about web design and development. ++ISSUE 36 CONTENTS. SECTION ONE: New references. What's new at the Web Design Reference site? https://www.d.umn.edu/itss/training/online/webdesign/ New links in these categories: 01: ACCESSIBILITY. 02: CASCADING STYLE SHEETS. 03: EVALUATION & TESTING. 04: EVENTS. 05: HTML. 06: JAVASCRIPT. 07: MISCELLANEOUS. 08: TYPOGRAPHY. 09: USABILITY. 10: WEBWASTE & SUSTAINABILITY. SECTION TWO: 11: What Can You Find at the Web Design Reference Site? [Contents ends.] ++ SECTION ONE: New references. +01: ACCESSIBILITY. Successful Teams Ensure 100% of their Members Understand Keyboard Accessibility By Jennie Delisi. "Keyboard testing is one of the most basic digital accessibility tests. If you are going to learn one test, start with this one…" https://mn.gov/mnit/media/blog/?id=38-565776 Data Visualization Accessibility By Minnesota IT Services. "Data visualization should be accessible to everyone…Data visualization presents information in visual charts and graphs. When creating complex charts and graphs, include summary text and data table to allow users access to the information…" https://mn.gov/mnit/about-mnit/accessibility/data-visualization/ Data Visualisation E-Learning By Government Analysis Function. "This e-learning is made up of 11 modules and how you complete it is up to you. You can do all the modules at once, or one or two a day. To help you decide each module comes with an estimate of how long it should take to complete…" https://analysisfunction.civilservice.gov.uk/support/communicating-analysis/introduction-to-data-visualisation-e-learning/ Be A Digital Ally: Continued Exploration of WCAG: Focus Appearance and Focus Not Obscured (Video) By Adam Scott Cord, Jessica "Jay" McKay, and Melissa Green. "…We continue our journey of the upcoming WCAG 2.2 and explore the new success criteria and their benefit or impact on users with disabilities. This month, we will be looking at success criterion 2.4.11, Focus Appearance…" https://knowbility.org/blog/2023/be-a-digital-ally-continued-exploration-of-wcag-focus-appearance-and-focus-not-obscured Automatic Captions: Our Experiments and Best Practices By Meryl K. Evans. "Automated captions are cool but often inaccurate. We decided to design a series of experiments to compare specific short scripts of spoken audio. We used a variety of speakers for each test case." https://equalentry.com/automatic-captions-experiments-best-practices/ Open Captions vs. Closed Captions: What's the Difference? By Abby Alepa. "…learn what open captions are, how they work, and when they're used…" https://www.3playmedia.com/blog/open-captioning-use/ To Put Some Table Features in Context By Adrian Roselli. "Column header positioning matters… Spanning cells is a problem… The 'headers' attribute helps with neither of those cases… The 'abbr' attribute is useless… ARIA tables and ARIA trickery will not fix these. These are browser bugs…" https://mastodon.social/@aardrian@toot.cafe/109910135113311637 How Shadow DOM and Accessibility Are in Conflict By Alice Boxhall. "Shadow DOM allows web developers to create and use components which encapsulate their internals. Like encapsulation in any other programming context, being able to hide the implementation details of an HTML component has many benefits to both developers using the component in their web pages, and the developers who author and maintain the component. However, there is one major way that, to date, Shadow DOM's encapsulation mechanism is in conflict with techniques authors use to provide an accessible user experience…" https://alice.pages.igalia.com/blog/how-shadow-dom-and-accessibility-are-in-conflict/ Not Everyone Uses a Computer in the Same Way That You Do with Hidde De Vries (Video) By Huxley. "In this latest edition of our Skip to Content interview series, we speak to Sanity.io's Hidde De Vries about the need to champion accessibility as early as possible in your project…" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tm7WbrtHQnw A Definitive Guide On How To Perform A Web Accessibility Audit By Raghavendra Satish Peri. "The first step towards meeting the accessibility requirements involves evaluating how accessible your website, mobile App, documents etc. are. This requires checking whether or not it meets the international WCAG 2.1 AA guidelines…" https://www.digitala11y.com/a-definitive-guide-on-how-to-perform-a-web-accessibility-audit/ A Guide To Accessible Form Validation By Sandrina Pereira. "ach time we build a field validation from scratch, accessibility doesn't come out of the box. In this guide, Sandrina breaks down what we need to take into consideration, so that nobody gets stuck on an inaccessible invalid field…" https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2023/02/guide-accessible-form-validation/ The Overlay Personalization Farce By Karl Groves. "The original intent of this article was to provide full examples of the overlay widgets' features in active use, including details on how they operate and before-and-after screenshots. However, due to the litigious nature of some overlay vendors and their continued bullying of their critics, I've chosen to provide this information without mentioning any names…" https://karlgroves.com/the-overlay-personalization-farce/ AudioEye Will Get You Sued By Adrian Roselli. "This post was written in early 2022 and sat in a corner of my site, hidden from the world, after AudioEye sent me a legal threat over a handful of tweets in April 2022. I opted not to poke this well-funded bully as a self-employed consultant…" https://adrianroselli.com/2023/02/audioeye-will-get-you-sued.html Long Overdue Report Shows Deficient Accessibility for Many Federal Websites By Ashley Jenkins and Minh Vu. "After ten years, the Department of Justice (DOJ) finally issued a report on the accessibility of federal government websites which exposes widespread accessibility barriers…" https://www.adatitleiii.com/2023/02/long-overdue-report-shows-deficient-accessibility-for-many-federal-websites/ Section 508 Report to Congress and the President on Accessibility of Federal Electronic and Information Technology (PDF) By U.S. Department of Justice and U.S. General Services. https://www.justice.gov/crt/page/file/1569331/download Senator Markey Demands Musk Reinstate Twitter's Accessibility Team, Online Features for Users with Disabilities By Senator Markey (Press Release). "…Twitter has a responsibility to ensure that its platform is open and accessible to disabled users…" https://www.markey.senate.gov/news/press-releases/senator-markey-demands-musk-reinstate-twitters-accessibility-team-online-features-for-users-with-disabilities +02: CASCADING STYLE SHEETS. (255,255,255) is the Highest Specificity By Bramus Van Damme. "…CSS Specificity is expressed as a triad/triple (A,B,C)…" https://www.bram.us/2023/02/21/255255255-is-the-highest-specificity/ ::backdrop Doesn't Inherit From Anywhere By Kilian Valkhof. "Earlier this month I was implementing a lightbox for devtoolstips.org using …" https://kilianvalkhof.com/2023/css-html/backdrop-doesnt-inherit-from-anywhere/ In-Depth Guide to CSS Logical Properties (Video) By Zoran Jambor. "Find out why you should start using CSS Logical Properties, how logical properties work, and how to rewrite your existing CSS using logical properties to fix potential problems with different writing modes (like right-to-left and vertical)…" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cV9JhEV4Ll0 How to Style Your Alt Text By Terence Eden. "Every day is a school day. I'd recently seen a post about highlighting images without alt text. That got me thinking. Is it possible to style alt text?…" https://shkspr.mobi/blog/2023/02/how-to-style-your-alt-text/ +03: EVALUATION & TESTING. 10 Survey Challenges and How to Avoid Them By Tanner Kohler. "Response biases make it difficult to create good surveys. Follow these tips to counteract 10 of the major survey response biases and improve your survey data." https://www.nngroup.com/articles/10-survey-challenges/ The User Experience of Low-techs: From User Problems to Design Principles By Clément Colin, Antoine Martin. "Our technical culture is characterized by the development of increasingly complex artifacts. In this article, we introduce low-techs (sometimes termed 'appropriate technologies'), which are alternative technologies designed to use fewer resources, target priority needs, and aim for a positive social and environmental impact. We describe their relevance for user experience researchers and practitioners interested in tackling environmental crises, and we discuss what actions can be conducted to improve low-techs' design and dissemination. Finally, from a survey of 396 participants, we derived 14 general user experience problems for low-techs to propose seven corresponding design principles…" https://uxpajournal.org/ux-low-techs-design-principles/ A Comparison of SUS, UMUX-LITE, and UEQ-S By Martin Schrepp, Jessica Kollmorgen, Jörg Thomaschewski. "…We investigated three common user experience questionnaires, SUS, UMUX-LITE, and UEQ-S, used to evaluate four common products in an online study of 435 participants…" https://uxpajournal.org/sus-umux-lite-ueq-s/ UX and NPS Benchmarks of Wireless Service Provider Websites (2023) By Will Schiavone, Jeff Sauro, Emily Short, and Jim Lewis. "…We computed SUPR-Q and Net Promoter scores, investigated reasons for using the websites, measured users' attitudes regarding their experiences, conducted key driver analyses, and analyzed reported usability problems…" https://measuringu.com/wireless-benchmark-2023/ +04: EVENTS. WAI-CooP Open Meeting March 7, 2023. Online https://www.edf-feph.org/events-slug/wai-coop-open-meeting-7-march-2023/ The Next Generation of Automated Testing with Cezary Tomczyk March 8, 2023. Online https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=85Pg2YGjoNw Small Changes for Big Impact: Creating Accessible Word Documents March 21, 2023. Online https://www.tpgi.com/webinar-march-21-at-12pm-et-small-changes-for-big-impact-creating-accessible-word-documents/ VPAT 101: Introduction to the Voluntary Product Accessibility Template March 28, 2023. Online https://www.tpgi.com/webinar-march-28-at-12pm-et-vpat-101-introduction-to-the-voluntary-product-accessibility-template/ May UX Conference May 13-26, 2023. Online https://www.nngroup.com/training/may/ Code Leaders October 25, 2023. Sydney, Australia https://webdirections.org/leaders/ +05: HTML. ARIA vs HTML By Adrian Roselli. "…The point is, unless a developer knows all the interaction patterns across all platforms and all assistive technology, and they know all the system-level features for which they will need to replicate support, then they are creating technical debt by not using native HTML…" https://adrianroselli.com/2023/02/aria-vs-html.html +06: JAVASCRIPT. What Framework Should I Use? By Chris Ferdinandi. "Yesterday, I wrote about how awful React is for web performance. One of my readers wrote to ask me… 'You don't recommend React as an front end framework? What do you recommend?'…" https://gomakethings.com/what-framework-should-i-use/ How a Minimum Viable Experience Produces a Resilient, Inclusive End-Product By Andy Bell. "…JavaScript is not something to turn your nose up at either. It's extremely good at enhancing a user's experience. When it doesn't load, it doesn't matter, because if you produce a solid minimum viable experience: the user can likely do what they came to do anyway…" https://andy-bell.co.uk/how-a-minimum-viable-experience-produces-a-resilient-inclusive-end-product/ +07: MISCELLANEOUS. Privacy Principles Robin Berjon and Jeffrey Yasskin, Editors. "Privacy is an essential part of the Web. This document provides definitions for privacy and related concepts that are applicable worldwide as well as a set of privacy principles that should guide the development of the Web as a trustworthy platform. People using the Web would benefit from a stronger relationship between technology and policy, and this document is written to work with both…" https://www.w3.org/TR/privacy-principles/ Accessibility Roles and Hiring Survey 2022 Basic Data By Devon Persing. "…In this blog post, I will share the basic quantitative data I collected.…" https://devonpersing.netlify.app/posts/survey2022part1/ Web Ecosystem Health By Chris Coyier. "Dave and I did a little podcast crossover and joined Brian Kardell and Eric Meyer over on the Igalia Chats show…" https://chriscoyier.net/2023/02/20/web-ecosystem-health/ Be Very Careful What You Feed AI By Gerry McGovern. "…Organizations have a cult-like belief and magical thinking approach when it comes to technology. They feel they can turn AI loose on all this data and that AI will make sense of it all. 'Garbage in, garbage out' is very old saying in the computer industry. Most data is garbage and needs serious cleaning. Only about 5-10% of data in a typical organization is actually useful. If you bring your AI to the garbage dump and let it feed off the garbage and the bias, then you get garbage AI…" https://gerrymcgovern.com/be-very-careful-what-you-feed-ai/ W3C Launches Beta of Its New Website By Coralie Mercier. "Today we launched a beta version of the redesign of our website. The goals of the redesign are to achieve a cleaner and modern look and greater usability, better accessibility, as well as ultimately simplifying how the site is managed…" https://www.w3.org/blog/2023/02/w3c-launches-beta-of-its-new-website/ +08: TYPOGRAPHY. Avoid this Font By The Presentation Company. "…One of the most popular fonts in the world, Helvetica Neue (pronounced: noy-uh), is also a huge troublemaker…" https://www.presentation-company.com/blog/avoid-this-font/ +09: USABILITY. What Every Prospective University Student Wants to Know (Video) By Tanner Kohler. "Most prospective university students have four main questions, but choosing which schools to apply to is a very challenging process for them." https://www.nngroup.com/videos/prospective-students/ Gran Got Tech: Inclusivity and Older Adults By Robert M. Schumacher. "Forget the cliché of the grandchild helping grandma use her phone. Grandma cannot use her phone because it was not designed for her…" https://uxpajournal.org/tech-inclusivity-older-adults/ You Have the Users You Have (Video) By Jakob Nielsen. The only realistic design strategy is to cater to the actual people who use your product, instead of designing for an idealized super-user who knows more and is more motivated than the real audience. https://www.nngroup.com/videos/users-you-have/ +10: WEBWASTE & SUSTAINABILITY. Sustainable Web Design Reduces E-Waste By Michael Anderson. "…Optimizing a website will not only make it lighter and faster. It will also reduce the pressure it puts on the CPU. A website demanding less processing power will result in devices being able to run it for longer. It also means that slower devices will be able to run faster which raises the chances of people keeping their devices for longer. If all designers, website owners, and developers followed the principles of sustainable web design we could together with devices that last longer slow down the massive e-waste we have right now. If we could make the average person keep their devices for 4-5 years instead of 2 we would see a tremendous difference in the amount of e-waste we produce…" https://sustainablewww.org/principles/sustainable-web-design-reduces-e-waste How to Measure and Reduce Your Website's Digital Footprint By Marketa Benisek. "As a company on a mission to help organisations to reduce their carbon footprint, the team at Compare Your Footprint (CYF) was horrified to find out that our own website home page was rated 79% dirtier than other web pages…" https://www.compareyourfootprint.com/how-to-measure-and-reduce-your-websites-digital-footprint/ Sustainable UX is More Than Reducing Your Website's Footprint By Sandy Dähnert. "We as designers have an incredible amount of power for more ecological and social sustainability. We just have to use it…" https://uxdesign.cc/sustainable-ux-and-ui-design-is-more-than-reducing-your-website-s-footprint-a99c336c151f Can the Internet Be Made Greener? By Carl Friedrich Then. "The trend of Sustainable Web Design is becoming more and more popular, because the World Wide Web consumes large amounts of energy. More consistent UX design, improved SEO, more efficient code architecture and CO2-neutral hosting promise a more sustainable internet…" https://ndion.de/en/sustainable-web-design-can-the-internet-be-made-greener/ Training a Single AI Model Can Emit as Much Carbon as Five Cars in Their Lifetimes By Karen Hao. "Deep learning has a terrible carbon footprint…" https://www.technologyreview.com/2019/06/06/239031/training-a-single-ai-model-can-emit-as-much-carbon-as-five-cars-in-their-lifetimes Who's Responsible for Your Digital Carbon Footprint? By Mightybytes. "In this post, we explore the question of personal vs. organizational responsibility when it comes to taking meaningful action on your digital carbon footprint…" https://www.mightybytes.com/blog/whos-responsible-for-your-digital-carbon-footprint/ IBM Design for Sustainability By International Business Machines (IBM). "Explore IBM Design's approach to designing for sustainability…" https://www.ibm.com/design/practices/design-for-sustainability/ [Section one ends.] ++ SECTION TWO: +11: What Can You Find at the Web Design Reference Site? Accessibility Information. https://www.d.umn.edu/itss/training/online/webdesign/accessibility.html Association Information. https://www.d.umn.edu/itss/training/online/webdesign/associations.html Book Listings. https://www.d.umn.edu/itss/training/online/webdesign/books.html Cascading Style Sheets Information. https://www.d.umn.edu/itss/training/online/webdesign/css.html Color Information. https://www.d.umn.edu/itss/training/online/webdesign/color.html Drupal Information. https://www.d.umn.edu/itss/training/online/webdesign/drupal.html Evaluation & Testing Information. https://www.d.umn.edu/itss/training/online/webdesign/testing.html Event Information. https://www.d.umn.edu/itss/training/online/webdesign/events.html HTML Information. https://www.d.umn.edu/itss/training/online/webdesign/html.html Information Architecture Information. https://www.d.umn.edu/itss/training/online/webdesign/architecture.html JavaScript Information. https://www.d.umn.edu/itss/training/online/webdesign/javascript.html Miscellaneous Web Information. https://www.d.umn.edu/itss/training/online/webdesign/misc.html Navigation Information. https://www.d.umn.edu/itss/training/online/webdesign/navigation.html PHP Information. https://www.d.umn.edu/itss/training/online/webdesign/php.html Sites & Blogs Listing. https://www.d.umn.edu/itss/training/online/webdesign/sites.html Standards, Guidelines & Pattern Information. https://www.d.umn.edu/itss/training/online/webdesign/standards.html Tool Information. https://www.d.umn.edu/itss/training/online/webdesign/tools.html Typography Information. https://www.d.umn.edu/itss/training/online/webdesign/type.html Usability Information. https://www.d.umn.edu/itss/training/online/webdesign/usability.html WebWaste & Sustainability Information. https://www.d.umn.edu/itss/training/online/webdesign/webwaste.html XML Information. https://www.d.umn.edu/itss/training/online/webdesign/xml.html [Section two ends.] ++END NOTES. + SUBSCRIPTION INFO. WEB DESIGN UPDATE is available by subscription. For information on how to subscribe and unsubscribe please visit: https://www.d.umn.edu/itss/training/online/webdesign/webdev_listserv.html The Web Design Reference Site also has a RSS 2.0 feed for site updates. + TEXT EMAIL NEWSLETTER (TEN). As a navigation aid for screen readers we do our best to conform to the accessible Text Email Newsletter (TEN) guidelines. Please let me know if there is anything else we can do to make navigation easier. For TEN guideline information please visit: http://www.headstar.com/ten + SIGN OFF. Until next time, Laura L. Carlson Information Technology Systems and Services University of Minnesota Duluth Duluth, MN U.S.A. 55812-3009 mailto:lcarlson@d.umn.edu [Issue ends.]