<f:view> ... <f:subview id="header"> <c:import url="header.jsp"/> </f:subview> ... </f:view>
JSF views, which are normally web pages, can contain an unlimited number of subviews.
But subviews cannot contain f:view tags; there can be only one top-level view per page.
Here is the book viewer page broken into subviews using content inclusion: book.jsp.
Note that inclusion of bookContent.jsp did not have to be wrapped in an f:subview tag because the file does not have JSF tags.