Web Design References
WebWaste & Sustainability
- 17 Ways to Make Your Website More Energy Efficient - Wholegrain Digital
- 5 Inspiring Videos About Sustainable Web Design - Sustainable WWW
- 5G: A Dymptom of the Growth Death Cult (2023) - Gerry McGovern
- 6 Steps To Reduce The Carbon Footprint Of Your Website - Mike Gifford
- 8 Video Optimization Tips for Faster Loading Times - Cody Arsenault
- A Sustainable Internet for All - Branch
- A Sustainable Web for Everyone (Video) - Tom Greenwood
- A Way to Think About the Environmental Impact of Streaming Services Like Netflix - Chris Adams
- A Website's Carbon Footprint (Video) (2023) - Talking Drupal
- Adapting Cloud Carbon Footprint's Methodology to Website Carbon Estimates (2024) - Fershad Irani
- AI's Carbon Footprint is Bigger Than You Think (2023) - Melissa Heikkilä
- AI Energy Measurement for Beginners (Podcast) (2025) - Chris Adams
- AI Environmental Impact Report (2024) - Michelle Barker
- AI Has an Environmental Problem. Here's What the World Can Do About That. (2024) - United Nations Environment Programme
- AI Is Not Your Friend (2024) - Gerry McGovern
- AI Needs So Much Power, It's Making Yours Worse (2025) - Leonardo Nicoletti, Naureen Malik, and Andre Tartar
- AI Will Spew Gas Fumes for Years Before the Nuclear Revolution Takes Off (2025) - Matthew Gault
- Analysis of Overconsumptions on a Light Website (2024) - Laurent Devernay
- An Inclusive and Planet-Friendly Digital Style Guide - Damien Lutz
- Apple Announces Self Service Repair - Apple
- Are My Third Parties Green? - Fershad Irani
- awesome-green-extensions - Adora Foundation
- Backstage: Green Software Patterns (Podcast) (2025) - Environment Variables
- Big Tech Drives Overconsumption (Part 1) (2023) - Gerry McGovern
- Big Tech's Great Men (2024) - Gerry McGovern
- Blog Posts on Disability and Climate Change Miss the Mark - Karen Costa
- Building a Greener Web (Video) (2023) - Michelle Barker
- Building a Greener Web with Michelle Barker (Video) (2023) - Michelle Barker
- Business-As-Un-Usual (2024) - Thomas Klaffke
- Carbon Capture: A New Way to Measure Your Website's Carbon Emissions - Michelle Barker
- Carbon Control - Chris Ferdinandi
- Calculating Digital Emissions - Rym Baouendi, Dryden Williams, Tom Greenwood, and Tim Frick
- Calculating the Pollution Effect of Data - Gerry McGovern
- Calculating the Pollution Cost of Website Analytics (Part 1) - Gerry McGovern
- Can Browser Choice Help Digital Sustainability? (2025) - Andy Davies New!
- Can Charities Lead the Way to a More Humane Web? (2024) - Tom Greenwood
- Can the Internet Be Made Greener? - Carl Friedrich Then
- Chatbots and the Cult of Technology - Gerry McGovern
- Changes to the Sustainable Web Design Model and Website Carbon (2024) - Georgie Monaghan
- Choosing a Green Web Host (2023) - Michelle Barker
- Climate Action Plan for Developers (2025) New!
- Climate Change SEO Survey: Making the Web More Sustainable (2024) - Matt Tutt
- Climate Champions - Climate Champions
- CO2 Caused by Developing a Software Feature - Gerry McGovern
- CO2 Emissions on the Web - Danny van Kooten
- CO2 Footprint of Data - Gerry McGovern
- Comcast: A New Standard for Internet Energy Efficiency (2025) - Jasmin Jessen
- COP27 Egypt: A Webpage Sustainability Review - Fershad Irani
- Choosing Least Co2-Emitting Form of Digital Communication - Gerry McGovern
- Core Web Vitals Meets Sustainability - Fershad Irani
- CSS: Classes Seriously Sprawling (2025) - Andrea Davanzo
- Crap Data Everywhere (2024) - Gerry McGovern
- Curiously Green - Wholegrain Digital
- Data Centers Are Eating and Drinking Our Environment (2024) - Gerry McGovern
- Data Is Out of Control: The Story of COVID and Airborne Transmission - Gerry McGovern
- Generative AI's Environmental Costs Are Soaring - and Mostly Secret (2024) - Kate Crawford
- Data Center Surging Electricity Demand (2024) - Gerry McGovern
- Design Patterns that Encourage Junk Data (2024) - Michelle Barker
- Designing Waste Out of Networks (2024) - Gerry McGovern
- Designing Sustainable Websites - Gerry McGovern
- Digital = Physical - Jon Friedman and Rachel Romano
- Digital Declutter for Businesses (2024) - Wholegrain Digital
- Digital Degrowth: Toward Radically Sustainable Education Technology - Neil Selwynn
- Digital is Toxic (2023) - Gerry McGovern
- Digital: The Great Accelerator of the Climate Emergency - Gerry McGovern
- Digital Reset - D4S - Digitalization for Sustainability - Steffen Lange, Tilman Santarius et al.
- Digital Waste Explained - Gerry McGovern
- Digital Will Sink in Its Own Crap (2024) - Gerry McGovern
- Do Not Track - Gerry McGovern
- Does What You Scroll Burn Coal? Mythbusting Energy Consumption on the Web
- Durable Technology (2025) - Chris Ferdinandi
- E-Waste: An Urgent Problem That's Largely Ignored - Dick Weisinger
- E-waste and the Scandinavian Lifestyle - Gerry McGovern
- E-Waste Recycling Should Be a Last Resort - Gerry McGovern
- Embracing Sustainable Digital Design - Gerry McGovern
- Ensuring an Inclusive and Accessible Green Transition (Video) (2024) - GreenSCENT
- Ethical, Fair Working Conditions - Gerry McGovern
- Ethical Web Development: Here You Can Learn More - Sustainable WWW
- Extreme Secrecy of Data Centers (2024) - Gerry McGovern
- Fairness and Kindness Are Not Weaknesses (2024) - Gerry McGovern
- From E-Waste to Profound Enlightenment: Joanna Murzyn's Journey to Conscious Tech (2025) - DesignWhine Editorial Team
- From Digital Unsustainability to Digital Sustainability - Gerry McGovern
- From User Experience to Earth Experience (Video) - Gerry McGovern
- From User Experience to Earth Experience Slides (PDF) - Gerry McGovern
- Frugal Data: Heavy Data is a Heavy Polluter - Gerry McGovern
- Frugal Machine Learning: Making AI More Efficient, Accessible, and Sustainable (2025) - Taro Yamada
- Future Data Centres May Have Built-In Nuclear Reactors (2024) - Michael Dempsey
- Generative AI is a Climate Disaster (2024) - Paris Marx
- Getting Rid of Crap Data (2024) - Gerry McGovern
- Green Digital Transformation: Decarbonizing Your Digital Technology (2023) - Wholegrain Digital & TechSoup Canada
- Green Web Foundation's Bold Mission: A Fossil-Free Internet by 2030 (2025) - DesignWhine Editorial Team
- Greenwashing and the COP28 Website (2023) - Michelle Barker
- Google Considers Reducing Webpage Crawl Rate - Matt G. Southern
- GOV.UK One Login: Building a Green Digital Service (2023) - Natalie Jones
- GOV.UK One Login: Advancing Digital Sustainability in Government (2025) - GOV.UK
- Government Websites Need a Green Standard - Mike Gifford
- Green Accessibility for Web Developers (Video) (2024) - Amy Drayer
- Green Software (Web) - Green Software Foundation.
- Green Software Summit Outlines Developer Best Practices - Stephanie Glen
- Greenspeed - Chris Adams. Danilo Velasquez, and Flo Wirtz
- Handbook of Sustainable Design of Digital Services (2025) - Institute for Sustainable IT UE
- Has Your Team Set a Page-Weight Budget? Here Is How To! - Sustainable WWW
- Hidden Role of Data in Climate Crisis - Gerry McGovern
- How Digital Sustainability Tells Powerful Thrutopian Stories
(2024) - Andy Davies
- How Efficient Code Increases Sustainability in the Enterprise - Venture Beat
- How Do We Work Out the Environmental Savings From Accessibility? (Video) (2025) - Chris Adams
- How Do We Work Out the Environmental Savings From Accessibility? (Slides) (2025) - Chris Adam
- How Green is Our Data? - BBC
- How Much CO2 Does Creating a 1,000-Word Piece of Content Cause? - Gerry McGovern
- How Much Power Do We Actually Need? (2024) - Tom Greenwood
- How Slimmed-Down Websites Can Cut Their Carbon Emissions - Sean McManus
- How Slimmed-Down Websites Can Cut Their Carbon Emissions - Sean McManus
- How to Conduct a Website Carbon Audit Using Screaming Frog SEO
(2024) - Ben Meyer
- IBM Design for Sustainability (2024) - International Business Machines Corporation (IBM)
- Improve Your SEO Ranking By Making Your Website Environmentally-Friendly - Sustainable WWW
- Improving Sustainability Performance Metrics Using Usability Framework and WCAG 2.0 Standard (2023) - Gita Indah Marthasari, Yufis Azhar, and E. Norazizah
- Intro to Green Graphic and Web Design Webinar (Video) - Emma Fanning and Amy Greenwald
- Introducing the Website Carbon Rating System (2023) - Marketa Benisek
- Introducing the Web Sustainability Guidelines (2023) - Michelle Barker
- Introduction to Web Sustainability (2023) - Michelle Barker
- Introducing the Website Carbon Rating System (2023) - Marketa Benisek
- Is it Expensive to Build an Eco-Friendly Website? - Sustainable WWW
- Is Low-Code Development Better for the Environment? - Jennifer Riggins
- Is Materialism Really Such a Bad Thing? (2024) - Tom Greenwood
- Is Your Website Hosted Green? - The Green Web Foundation
- It's Time for a Green Certification for Digital Technology - Mike Gifford
- It's Time for the Internet to Become More Sustainable, Says New Coalition - Roya Sabri
- Invisible, Immaterial Internet Not What It Seems - Gerry McGovern
- How Do You Convert Images to WebP Format? - Deborah Edwards-Oñoro
- How Enabling Caching Speeds Up Your Website (2023) - Mightybytes
- How to Build a Low-tech Website? - Low←Tech Magazine
- How to Measure and Reduce Your Website's Digital Footprint - Marketa Benisek
- How to Measure the Carbon Footprint of a Remote Team - Tom Greenwood
- How to Reduce Digital Waste - Gerry McGovern
- In a Climate Crisis, Text Should be Default Option for Communication - Gerry McGovern
- Introducing Our Grid-Aware Websites Project (2024) - Fershad Irani
- Is the Planet the Missing Member of Your Project Team? (2024) - Chris How
- Is Your Website Hosted Green? - The Green Web Foundation
- Introducing the Web Sustainability Guidelines (WSGs) (2023) - Łukasz Mastalerz, Tim Frick, and Alexander Dawson
- Keeping All Data Is No Longer an Option - Gerry McGovern
- Lessons from Lille: Sustainability and DrupalCon (2023) - Mike Gifford
- Let's Green the Web - Gerry McGovern
- Let's Talk About Digital Hygiene - Gerry McGovern
- LOWWW - Hey Low
- Making a Positive Change: PDF to HTML (2024) - Samantha Merrett, Chris Comber, Stephanie Hill, and William Rees
- Marketing Vanity Metrics Are Driving E-Waste in Data Centers - Gerry McGovern
- Measure and Improve Your Site's Footprint with Carbon Control from Catchpoint WebPageTest - Scott Jehl
- Making Digital Waste Visible - Gerry McGovern
- Moore's Law Is Breaking Down (2025) - Gerry McGovern
- Moving Beyond the Cult of Volume (Part 1) - Gerry McGovern
- Moving Fast Breaks Things - Gerry McGovern
- Moving into the Future at Walking Pace - Gerry McGovern
- New and Improved Green Web Hosting Directory from the Green Web Foundation (2024) - Michelle Barker
- New Sustainable Web Design Model Changes the Context of Internet Emissions (2024) - Andy Davies
- New Web Sustainability Guidelines Report (2023) - Alexander Dawson & Tim Frick
- No Bots Allowed? (2024) - Andy Davies
- Opt Out Project (2025) - Janet Vertesi New!
- Page Bloat Update: How Does Ever-Increasing Page Size Affect Your Business and Your Users? (2025) - Tammy Everts
- Principles for Designing Sustainable, Environmentally Friendly Websites - Gerry McGovern
- Privacy-First, Carbon-Aware Web Analytics - Normally
- Publish the Website You Can Maintain - Gerry McGovern
- Recommendation L.1420 (02/12) (2025) - International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
- Reduce Image Sizes by Removing Metadata - Robert Boedigheimer
- Reduce Your Website's Environmental Impact With a Carbon Budget - Michelle Barker
- Reducing 'Business as Usual' Content on Platforms (2024) - Andy Davies
- Reducing Carbon Emissions On The Web - Welsh Marches
- Reducing Digital Waste with Gerry McGovern (Video) (2023) - Gerry McGovern
- Reducing The Web's Carbon Footprint: Optimizing Social Media Embeds - Michelle Barker
- Reducing Waste in the Digital Design Process - Gerry McGovern
- Reducing Website Weight - Gerry McGovern
- Shaping Web Sustainability with the W3C (Podcast) (2024) - Chris Adams
- Should Sustainability Be Beautiful? (2024) - Tom Greenwood
- Should We Abolish Busyness? (2024) - Tom Greenwood
- So You Wanna Create an Eco-Friendly Website - Eric Bailey
- Social Carbon Footprint Calculator - Compare The Market
- Sorry, AI Won't 'Fix' Climate Change (2024) - James Temple
- Standardising Website Carbon Calculations on Earth Day 2022 - Tom Greenwood
- Submit a Site - lowwwcarbon
- Sustainable Computing in the New World of AI (2024) - Kimm Fesenmaier
- Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) (2024) - United Nations
- Sustainable Digital Design Principles - Gerry McGovern
- Sustainable Tooling And Reporting (STAR) 1.0 (2024) - Alexander Dawson, Ines Akrap, Mike Gifford, and Tim Frick Editors
- Sustainable UX is More Than Reducing Your Website's Footprint - Sandy Dähnert
- Sustainable Web Design, An Excerpt - Tom Greenwood
- Sustainable UX Revolution: An Inspiring Conversation with Thorsten Jonas (2025) - DesignWhine Editorial Team
- Tim Frick on Web Sustainability and Building a Greener Digital World (2025) - DesignWhine Editorial Team
- Sustainable Web Design Reduces E-Waste - Michael Anderson
- Sustainable Web Design Community Group
- Sustainable Web Interest Group is Formed (2024) - Tzviya Siegman
- Sustainability, Part III Chapter 20 of the Web Almanac - Laurent Devernay, Gerry McGovern, and Tim Frick
- Sustainability - Getting Started - Drupal Wiki (2025) - Mike Gifford
- Sustainability Guide - SVID, Swedish Industrial Design Foundation
- Sustainability Recommendations Interest/Working Group - Tim Frick
- Sustainability's Role in the Ethical Web Framework (Video) - Amy Drayer
- Take Real Climate Action Today - Offset Alliance
- Tech4Bad: When Do We Say No? - Ian Brooks, Minna Laurell Thorslund, Aksel Biørn-Hansen and Elena Somova
- The Advent of Green Digital Accessibility - Tom Greenwood
- The Carbon Conundrum and Ethical Quandaries in the Expanding Realm of AI (2023) - Green Software
- The Carbon Impact of Web Standards (PDF) - Alex Dawson
- The Data Pollution Problem - Gerry McGovern
- The Department of Energy Wants You to Know Your Conservation Efforts Are Making a Difference (2024) - McKayley Gourley
- The Efficiency Scam From AI and Big Tech -(2024) - Gerry McGovern
- The Environmental Benefits of Privacy-Focussed Web Design (2024) - Paul Jardine and Becky Thorn
- The Environmental Cost of Search - Gerry McGovern
- The Environmental Impact of the Web We Build (2025) - Chris Ferdinandi
- The Environmental Weight of Data - Gerry McGovern
- The Future of Government Is Green: Five Ways to Make a Sustainable Difference Today (2025) - Hidde de Vries
- The Internet's Invisible Carbon Footprint (2025) - Xavier Harding
- The Metaverse and the Environment (Video) - Amelia Kallman
- The More You Remove, the More You Can Remove - Gerry McGovern
- The Myth of Infinite Data Growth (2023) - Gerry McGovern
- The Nature of Digital Is Environmentally Destructive (2023) - Gerry McGovern
- The Perfect Site Doesn't Exist (2024) - Michelle Barker
- The Price of Free is Waste - Gerry McGovern
- The Radium Craze - Eric Bailey
- The Red Hot Heat of AI (2024) - Gerry McGovern
- The Role of Design in Reducing Technology's Carbon Footprint - Jack Donovan
- The Ultimate Guide to Image Optimisation - Karolina Szczur
- The Wabi Sabi Web (2024) - Tom Greenwood
- The Wholegrain Guide to Ethical Use of AI (2024) - Tom Greenwood
- The Three Chip Problem (2024) - Gerry McGovern
- Thinking About Power Usage and Websites - Chris Coyier
- Thinking About Using AI? (2024) - The Green Web Foundation
- This Article Emits 0.28g of CO2 Every Time It's Viewed - Håkon L'orange
- Time to Ditch Analytics? Tracking Scripts and Web Sustainability (2024) - Michelle Barker
- Tracking the Impact of the World's Largest Company Websites - Ecoping
- Transferring Data: Convenience Versus Saving Energy - Gerry McGovern
- Turning Off, Deleting: Tips for Sustainable Laptops, Part 2 - Gerry McGovern
- Understanding Sustainable Web Design (Video) - Tim Frick, Tom Greenwood, and Nicole Hunter
- Understanding the Latest Sustainable Web Design Model Update (2024) -
Fershad Irani
- Vitaly Friedman Chat: Cleaner Web Design For a Better Environment (2024) - Gerry McGovern
- Waste Is the New Gold (2023) - Gerry McGovern
- We Don't Have Data Centers. We Have Data Dumps. - Gerry McGovern
- We Need a Fossil-Free Internet by 2030 - Chris Adams
- We Need to do More About Electronic Waste - Gerry McGovern
- We Think of Information All Wrong - Gerry McGovern
- Web Almanac - Part III Chapter 17, Sustainability (2024) - Laurent Devernay Satyagraha, Burak Güneli, Ines Akrap, Alexander Dawson, Mike Gifford, and Tim Frick
- Web Content Has a Maintenance Problem (2024) - Gerry McGovern
- What a Website Can Be - Varia Centre for Everyday Technology
- We Don't Have an Energy Production Problem. We Do Have an Energy Consumption Problem. - Gerry McGovern
- Web Development and Climate Change - Chris Ferdinandi
- Web Performance Calendar - A project by Stoyan Stefanov
- Web Sustainability and the Ethical Dilemma - Michelle Barker
- Web Sustainability Guidelines (WSG) 1.0 -
Alexander Dawson and Tim Frick, editors
- Web Sustainability Guidelines (Video) (2023) - Talking Drupal
- Web Sustainability with Michelle Barker (2024) - ShopTalk Show
- Web, We Have a Problem - Gerry McGovern
- Website Carbon: Beyond Data Transfer - Fershad Irani
- Webwaste - Gerry McGovern
- What Does It All Mean: Net-Zero, Carbon Neutral, Climate Positive, Carbon Negative? (Video) - Asim Hussain
- What if the Key to Better Business Was… Less? (2025) - Lucie Montel
- What is the Difference Between Green Web Design and Sustainable Web Design - Sustainable WWW
- What Is 'Dark Data' and How Is It Adding to All of Our Carbon Footprints? - Tom Jackson and Ian R. Hodgkinson
- What Might a More Humane Web Look Like? - Rachael B
- What You Can Do as a Web Builder on Earth Day (2024) - Adrian Roselli
- What's the Environmental Impact of Your Website? (2024) - Eric Karkovack
- When It Comes to Good CX, Measurement Is Critical - Mike Gifford
- Why AI is a Disaster for the Climate (2023) - John Naughton
- Why Digital Isn't Always Greener or Fairer (2023) - Ayala Gordon
- Why Sustainable Web Design Matters - Sustainable WWW
- Why You Should Hold Onto Your Devices For Longer (2023) - Michelle Barker
- Why We Need a Green Perf Metric (2023) - Brian Louis Ramirez
- Why We Should Be Looking Beyond Website Carbon Emissions (2024) - Andy Davies
- Why Web Perf Tools Should Be Reporting Website Carbon Emissions (2023) - Fershad Irani
- Your Website is a Pollution Machine - Chris Ferdinandi
- Why Don't We Care About Peace? (2024) - Tom Greenwood
- Why, When and How to Use Video and Animation on Your Website (2025) - Andy Davies
- Within Bounds: Joint Statement on Limiting AI's Environmental Impact (2025) - Michelle Thorne
