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Flying Bird Image


When Everybody Called Me Gabe-bines,
"Forever-Flying-Bird":

Teachings from Paul Buffalo

Timothy G. Roufs (Ed.)
University of Minnesota Duluth

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a note on tenses
  a note on style

 
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Table of Contents

"This project has been financed in part with funds provided by the State of Minnesota from the Arts and Cultural Heritage Fund through the Minnesota Historical Society."

"This publication was made  possible in  part by the  people of  Minnesota  through  a grant funded by an appropriation  to  the  Minnesota  Historical Society  from the  Minnesota  Arts and Cultural  Heritage  Fund. Any views,  findings,  opinions,  conclusions  or recommendations expressed in this publication  are those  of  the authors  and  do not necessarily represent those of the State of  Minnesota, the  Minnesota  Historical Society, or the  Minnesota  Historic Resources Advisory Committee."

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Bibliography

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Eastman, Mary H. 1853. The American Aboriginal Portfolio. Illustrated by S. Eastman, U.S. Army. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Grambo & Co.

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Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa. "Chief Buffalo," Onigamiinsing Dibaajimowinan-Duluth's Stories, Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa. Accessed 25 May 2018. http://www.duluthstories.net/chiefbuffalo.html

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Garte, Edna, Circle of Life: Cultural Continuity in Ojibwe Crafts (Duluth, MN: ST. Louis County Historyical Society, Chisholm Museum [now The Duluth Children's Museum], and Duluth Art Institute, 1984), pp. 16-18.

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Hallowell, A. Irving. 1938. "Fear and Anxiety as Cultural and individual Variables in a Primitive Society." Journal of Social Psychology, 9:25-47 (Reprinted in A. I. Hallowell, 1955a, pp. 250-265).

Hallowell, A. Irving. "Freudian Symbolism in the Dream of a Saulteaux Indian," Man, 38 (1938), pp. 47-48.

Hallowell, A. Irving. 1940, "Magic: The Role of Conjuring in Saulteaux Society," in Papers Presented Before the Monday Night Group, 1939-40, ed. by M. A. May (New Haven: Institute of Human Relations), pp. 94-115.

Hallowell, A. Irving. 1964, "Ojibwa Ontology, Behavior, and World View." In Primitive Views of the World. Ed. by Stanley Diamond. New York: Columbia University Press, 49-82. (Reprinted.)h

Hallowell, A. Irving. 1963. "Ojibwa World View and Disease," in Man's Image in Medicine and Anthropology. Ed. by Iago Galdston. (New York Academy of Medicine, Institute of Social and Historical Medicine, Monograph 4. New York: International Universities Press, pp. 258-315.

Hallowell, A. Irving. The Role of Conjuring in Saulteaux Society, (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1942, reprinted New York: Octagon Books, 1971).

Hallowell, A. Irving. "The Role of Dreams in Ojibwa Culture," in The Dream and Human Societies, ed. by Gustave E. von Grunebaum and Roger Caillois, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1966, pp. 267-292.

Hallowell, A. Irving. "Spirits of the Dead in Saulteaux Life and Thought," Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland," 70 (1940), pp. 29-51.

Hallowell, A. Irving. "Was Cross-Cousin Marriage Practised by the North-Central Algonian," Proceedings of the Twenty Third International Congress of Americanists, (NY, 1928), pp. 519-544.A. Irving Hallowell, "Cross Cousin Marriage in the Lake Winnipeg Area," in Twenty-Fifth Anniversary Studies, Philadelphia Anthroplogical Society, ed. by D. S. Davidson, (1937), pp. 95-110

Hallowell, A. Irving. "Northern Ojibwa Ecological Adaptation and Social Organization," in Contributions to Anthropology: Selected Papers of A. Irving Hallowell, (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1976), pp. 333-350.

Hamilton, J. C. "The Algonquin Manabozho and Hiawatha," Journal of American Folklore, 16 (1903), pp. 229-233.

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Haskins, Doug. 1998. The Journey to an Indigenous Church: the History of The Christian and Missionary Alliance Work with Native Americans. Alliance Academic Review. Accessed 24 February 2018. http://www.kneillfoster.com/aar/1998/AAR1998-2Haskins.php.

Hay, Thomas H. "The Windigo Psychosis: Psychodynamic, Cultural, and Social Factors in Aberrant Behavior," American Anthropologist, 73:1 (1971), pp. 1-19.

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Hickerson, Harold. “Notes on the Post-Contact Origin of the Midewiwin,” Ethnohistory 9, no. 4 (1962a): 404–23.

Hickerson, Harold. "The Southwestern Chippewa: An Ethnohistorical Study," American Anthropologist, 64:3: (Part 2), Memoir 92 (1962).

Hickerson, Harold. “The Sociohistorical Significance of Two Chippewa Ceremonials,” American Anthropologist 65, no. 1 (1963): 67–85.

Hickerson, Harold. "The Genesis of Bilaterality Among Two Divisions of Chippewa," American Anthropologist, 68:1 (1966), pp. 1-26.

Hickerson, Harold. The Chippewa and Their Neighbors: A Study in Ethnohistory (New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1970).

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Hilger, Sister M. Inez. "Chippewa Hunting and Fishing Customs," Minnesota Quarterly, 1:2-3 (1936), pp. 17-19.

Hilger, Sister M. Inez. "Chippewa Burial and Mourning Customs," American Anthropologist, 46 (1944), pp. 564-568.

Hilger, Sister M. Inez. "Naming a Chippewa Indian Child," Wisconsin Archaeologist, 39 (1958), 120-126.

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History of the Sears Catalog.” Sears Archives, updated March 21, 2012, http://www.searsarchives.com/catalogs/history.htm.

Hockett, Charles F. "The Proto Central Algonquian Kinship System," in Explorations in Cultural Anthropology, ed. by Ward H. Goodenough (NY: McGraw-Hill, 1964), pp. 239-257.

Hoffman, Walter James. "Pictography and Shamanistic Rites of the Ojibwa," American Anthropologist, 1:3 (1888), pp. 209-229 (reprinted in Native North American Art History, ed. by Zena P. Mathews and Aldona Jonaitis, Palo Alto, CA, 1982).

Hoffman, Walter James. "Notes on Ojibwa Folk-lore," American Anthropologist, 2:3 (1889), pp. 215-223.

Hoffman, Walter James. "Remarks on Ojibwa Ball Play," American Anthropologist 3:2 (1890), pp. 133-135.

Hoffman, Walter James. "The Midewiwin [Mide'wiwin] or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa,"Seventh Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1885-1886. (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1891), pp. 143-300. Accessed 7 August 2018. http://www.gutenberg.org/files/19368/19368-h/19368-h.htm.

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Hutchinson, Walter. Customs of the World, (London: Hutchinson& Co., 1913).

Hulbert, Thomas. 1846. Hymns in the Chippewa and Ottawa Language To Which Is Appended a Short Summary of Christian Doctrine; Peter Jones (trans.). 1840. A collection of Chippeway and English Hymns for the Use of the Native Indians. Translated by Peter Jones . . . To Which Are Added a Few Hymns Translated by Rev. James Evans and George Henry. . . . Toronto: Printed for the Translator. (This version is based on the Jones 1829 ed., New York: Printed at the Conference Office by J. Collord. This work was reprinted and reissued numerous times, often under various titles.)
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"Inspiring Visions: Artists’ Views of the American West." 2003. Amon Carter Museum. http://www.cartermuseum.org/Inspiring_Visions/Eastman/ eastman_art.html.

"It's Not Just About The Blood." National Public Radio, 6 February 2018. Accessed 12 October 2018. https://one.npr.org/?sharedMediaId=583753149:583816831.
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Jackson, Barbara D. "A Peyote Community in Northern Minnesota." In Anishinabe: 6 Studies of Modern Chippewa, edited by J. Anthony Paredes, 127-193. Tallahassee: University Presses of Florida, 1980.

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John Smith.” Find A Grave, published August 18, 2012 Accessed 14 March 2019. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/95577002/john-smith.

Johnston, Basil. Ojibwa Heritage, (N.Y.: Columbia University Press, 1976).

Johnson, Basil H. Ojibwa Ceremonies, (Toronto: McClelland and Steward, 1982).

Jones, Peter. History of the Ojebway Indians (London: A.W. Bennett, 1861).

Jones, Peter. (trans.). 1840. A collection of Chippeway and English Hymns for the Use of the Native Indians. Translated by Peter Jones . . . To Which Are Added a Few Hymns Translated by Rev. James Evans and George Henry . . . . Toronto: Printed for the Translator. (This version is based onthe Jones 1829 ed., New York: Printed at the Conference Office by J. Collord. This work was reprinted and reissued numerous times, often under various titles.)

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Kahneman, Daniel. 2011. Thinking, Fast and Slow. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.

"Kechewaishke" [Chief Buffalo / Pezeke]. Wikipedia. Accessed 27 June 2018. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kechewaishke.

Kegg, Maude; and Nichols, John D. 1983. Nookomis Gaa-inaajimotawid, What My Grandmother Told Me, with Texts in Ojibwe (Chippewa) and English. St. Paul, MN: Minnesota Archaeological Society.

Keiser, Albert. 1922. "The Work Among the Chippewas in Michigan and Minnesota." In Luthern Mission Work Among the American Indians. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, pp. 55-94.

Ketcham, William H. 1920. "The Chippewa Missions of Minnesota." The Indian Sentinel, 2:161-164.

Kidwell, Clara Sue. "The Power of Women in Three American Indian Societies." The Journal of Ethnic Studies, Vol. 6, n 3, (Fall 1978): 113-21.

Kinietz, W. Vernon. "Birch Bark Records Among the Chippewa," Indiana Academy of Science, Proceedings, 49 (1940), pp. 38-40.

Kolata, Gina. Flu: The Story Of The Great Influenza Pandemic of 1918 and the Search for the Virus that Caused It. NY: Touchstone, 1999.

Kuchera, Steve. "An Identity Crisis? Squaw Lake Isn't Caught up in Minnesota Name-change Initiative," Duluth News-Tribune, Monday, April 17, 1995, pp. 1A, 4A.

Kurath, Gertrude P. “Chippewa Sacred Songs in Religious Metamorphosis,” Scientific Monthly 79, no. 5 (1954): 311– 17.

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Lac La Croix Ponies at Quetico.” Ontario Parks. Published February 8, 2017. http://www.ontarioparks.com/parksblog/lac-lacroix-ponies-at-quetico/.

Ladd, E.F., and H.P. Bassett, “Bleaching of Flour,” Journal of Biological Chemistry 6 (1909): 75–86.

Lafleur, L.J. “On the Mide of the Ojibway,” American Anthropologist 42, no. 4 (1940): 706–8.

Lajimodiere, Denise K. Lajimodiere. "Native American Boarding Schools." MNOPEDIA, (modified) 4 May 2018. Accessed 10 September 2018. http://www.mnopedia.org/native-american-boarding-schools.

Landes, Ruth. "The Abnormal Among the Ojibwa Indians." Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 33 (1938):1:14-33.

Landes, Ruth. Ojibwa Religion and the Midewiwin. (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1968; Reprinted, N.y.: AMS Press, 1969).

Landes, Ruth. The Ojibwa Woman, Columbia University Contributions to Anthropology, 31 (1938; reprinted, NY: AMS Press, 1969; reprinted NY: W.W. Norton and Co., 1971).

Landes, Ruth. “Ojibwa Sociology,” in Columbia University Contributions to Anthropology (New York: Columbia University Press, 1969) 29:1–144 (repr., New York: AMS Press, 1969).

Lawrence, Elizabeth Atwood. Human and horse medicine among some Native American groups. Agriculture and Human Values, June 1998, Volume 15, Issue 2, pp 133–138. Accessed 10 August 2018. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A%3A1007435127529.

League of Women Voters of Minnesota, Indians in Minnesota. 1974. St. Paul: League of Women Voters of Minnesota, p. 38.

Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe. "History." Accessed 30 October 2018. http://www.llojibwe.org/aboutUs/history.html.

Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe. "Housing Authority." Accessed October 17, 2018. http://www.llboha.org/.

Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe. "Legal Department." Accessed 30 October 2018. http://www.llojibwe.org/admin/legal.html.

Leech Lake Area Chamber of Commerce. “The Rich History of Leech Lake.” Accessed July 7, 2018. https://leech-lake.com/fish/ history/.

Leekley, Thomas B. The World of Manabozho, (New York: Vangard Press, 1965).

LeMay, Konnie. "Warrior Nation: Anton Treuer Leaves Nothing Out in This Red Lake Ojibwe History." Indian Country Today, 24 October 2015. Accessed 09 March 2018. https://indiancountrymedianetwork.com/history/events/warrior-nation-anton-treuer-leaves-nothing-out-in-this-red-lake-ojibwe-history/.

Lewis, James Otto. The Aboriginal Portfolio. Philadelphia: J. O. Lewis, 1835-1836. Small folio. 72 hand colored lithographs by Lehman & Duval.

Lincoln, J. S. The Dream in Primitive Cultures, (London, 1935).

Lydon, Rev. Patrick J. "Notes on the History of the Duluth Diocese." Acta Et Dicta: A Collection of Historical Date Regarding the Origin and Growth of the Catholic Church in the Northwest. Catholic Historical Society of St. Paul, 1917, Volume 5. 238-288. Accessed 15 March 2019. https://archive.org/stream/no2actaetdicta05cathuoft/no2actaetdicta05cathuoft_djvu.txt.

Lyons, Scott Richard. X-Marks: Native Signatures of Assent. (Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 2010.)

Lyford, Carrie A. Crafts of the Ojibwa (Phoeniz, AZ: Office of Indian Affairs, 1943).

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Maher, Savannah. "The Difficult Math Of Being Native American." National Public Radio. 7 February 2018. Accessed 12 October 2018. https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2018/02/07/583665568/love-and-blood-quantum-buy-in-or-die-out.

Marano, Louis Anthony. "Windigo Psychosis: The Anatomy of an Emic-Etic Confusion," Current Anthropology, 23:4 (1985), pp. 385-421.

Matthews, Diana Leagh. "Prices in 1912" [the year Paul Buffalo returned from Tower Indian Boarding School]. Accessed 14 September 2018. https://alookthrutime.wordpress.com/2012/03/07/prices-in-1912/.

McDonnell, Janet A. 1980. "Competency Commissions and Indian Land Policy, 1913-1920," South Dakota History, 11 (1980): 21-3. Accessed 31 October 2018. https://www.sdhspress.com/journal/south-dakota-history-11-1/competency-commissions-and-indian-land-policy-1913-1920/vol-11-no-1-competency-commissions-and-indian-land-policy-1913-1920.pdf.

McKenney, Thomas Loraine. Sketches of a Tour to the Lakes, of the Character and Customs of the Chippeway Indians, and of Incidents Connected with the Treaty of Fond du Lac . . . , (Baltimore: Fielding Lucas, Jr., 1827; reprinted, Barre, MA: Imprint Society, 1972; reprinted, Minneapolis, MN: Ross and Haines, 1959).

Mello, Amorin. "Chief Buffalo Picture Search." Chequamegon History: Primary Research about the Chequameon Region before 1860. 12 March 2016. Accessed 27 June 2018. https://chequamegonhistory.wordpress.com/.

Messer, Ron. "A Jungian Interpretation of the Relationship of Culture: Hero and Trickster Figure within Chippewa Mythology," Studies in Religion, 11:3 (1982), pp. 309-320.

Michon, Jean-Louis. “La Grande Médecine des Ojibways,” Bulletin de la Société Suisse des Américanistes 27 (March 1964): 33–34, 28:13–14.

Michon, Jean-Louis. “La Grande Médecine des Ojibways,” Bulletin de la Société Suisse des Américanistes 36 (1972): 37–72.

Mihesuah, Devon. "Indigenous Health Initiatives, Frybread, and the Marketing of Non-Traditional 'Traditional' American Indian Foods. Native American and Indigenous Studies 3:2 (Fall 2016), pp. 45-69. Accessed 26 June 2018. http://www.aihd.ku.edu/documents/Frybread.pdf.

, Jen. "Frybread." Smithsonian. July 2008. Accessed 01 July 2018. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/frybread-79191/.

The Minnesota Indian Education Association. https://minnesotaindianeducation.org/.

Minnesota Legislative Reference Library. “Payne, Rosanna Catherine ‘R.C.’” Legislators Past & Present, n.d., https://www.leg.state.mn.us/legdb/ fulldetail?ID=14267.

Mittelholtz, Erwin F. (Ed.) Historical Review of the Red Lake Indian Reservation, Redlake, Minnesota: a History of its People and Progress. Rose Graves, tribal editor. Bemidji, MN: General Council of the Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians and the Beltrami County Historical Society, 1957. Accessed 12 November 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015004588367.

Miller, Frank C. "Humor in a Chippewa Tribal Council," Ethnology, 6:3 (1967), pp. 263-271.

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe. 1964. Revised Constitution and Bylaws of the Minnesota Chippewa Tribe, 3 March 1964. Accessed 31 October 2018. https://www.mnchippewatribe.org/pdf/REVISED%20CONSTITUTION%20AND%20BYLAWS%2011RMS.pdf.

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe Curriculum Development Staff, Minnesota Chippewa Tribal Government -- Student Handbook (Cass Lake, MN: Minnesota Chippewa Tribe, 1978; Reprinted, Cass Lake, MN: Minnesota Chippewa Tribe, 2013).

Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. 2013. “Lakes, rivers, and wetland facts,” (reviewed 2013).

Momaday, N. Scott. 1970. The Way to Rainy Mountain. NY: Ballantine Books.

Monckton, Elizabeth (Elizabeth Davis Fielder). The White Canoe and Other Legends of the Ojibwas (NY: Broadway Publishing Co., 1904).

Montgomery, Rita. "A cross‐cultural study of menstruation, menstrual taboos, and related social variables." Ethos, Vol. 2, No. 2 (Summer, 1974), pp. 137-170.

Moore, Neal. "Passing on the dance of the Ojibwe." [Ball Club, MN] CNN iReport. 19 July 2009. Accessed 8 August 2018. http://ireport.cnn.com/docs/DOC-300489.

Moss, Michael. 2013. Salt Sugar Fat: How the Food Giants Hooked Us. NY: Random House.

“Mrs. R. Payne Dies; Former State Legislator,” Minneapolis Star, November 1, 1953.

Myers, Frank A., (Comp.) "The Bear-walk," Inland Seas, 9:12-18, 98-103, 169-174, 250-254.

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“Nakoda (Stoney),” Wikipedia, updated July 4, 2018, https:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakoda_(Stoney).

National Park Service. "The Incredible Journey of Benjamin Armstrong and Chief Buffalo." Accessed 27 June 2018. https://www.nps.gov/apis/learn/historyculture/armstrong.htm.

National Public Radio. "It's Not Just About The Blood." 6 February 2018. Accessed 12 October 2018. https://one.npr.org/?sharedMediaId=583753149:583816831.

Negri, Paul. "The Treaty of La Pointe and the Chief Buffalo Grant," (unpublished MS., University of Minnesota, Duluth Library, n.d.).

Neihardt, John G.1932. Black Elk Speaks. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.

Neils, Patricia. "Julius Neils: Lumber Baron (1855-1933)." The Pacific Northwest Forum, Volume V, Number 3, pp. 2-9, Summer, 1980. Accessed 16 September 2018. <http://www.narhist.ewu.edu/pnf/articles/s1/v-3/julius%20neils/juliusneils.html>.

Nelson Act of 1889,” Wikipedia, updated February 13, 2018 Accessed 15 March 2019. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson_Act_of_1889.

Nelson, Richard. "Inscribed Birch Bark Scrolls and Other Objects of the Midewiwin," Papers of the Fourteenth Algonquian Conference, 1982, ed. by William Cowan, (Ottawa: Carleton University, 1983), pp. 219-235).

Nelson, Richard. “Midewiwin Medicine Bags of the Ojibwa,” in Papers of the Fifteenth Algonquian Conference, ed. William Cowan (Ottawa: Carleton University, 1984), 397–408.

Nichols, Frances Sellman, compiler. "Index to Schoolcraft's 'Indian Tribes of the United States'." Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin: 152. Washing, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. (See volume for detailed index of works of Schoolcraft, esp. pages 43-45, 154, 157, 171, 204.)

Norman, Howard. “Ojibwa Pictures and Song-Pictures,” Alcheringa 3 (Winter 1971): 64–67.

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“Ojibwe,” Wikipedia, updated August 2, 2018, https://en.wikipedia. org/wiki/Ojibwe.

Ojibwe People's Dictionary. Accessed 12 June 2018. https://ojibwe.lib.umn.edu/.

-- "About the Ojibwe Language"

“Ojibwe Treaties,” Wikipedia, updated August 2, 2018, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Ojibwe#Ojibwe_treaties.

Ontario Parks. 08 February 2017. "Lac La Croix ponies at Quetico." Accessed 17 October 2018. http://www.ontarioparks.com/parksblog/lac-lacroix-ponies-at-quetico/.

Osborn, Charles S., and Stellanova Osborn, Schoolcraft-Longfellow-Hiawatha, (Lancaster, PA: Jacques Catell Press, 1942).

Osborn, Chase S., and Setllanova Osborn, "Hiawatha" Jwith Its Original Indian Legends, (Lancaster, PA: The Jacques Catell Press, 1944).

Ovsak, Catherine M. 1994. "Reaffirming the Guarantee: Indian Treaty Rights to Hunt and Fish Off-reservation in Minnesota," William Mitchell Law Review: Vol. 20: Issue 4, Article 8. Accessed 31 October 2018. https://open.mitchellhamline.edu/wmlr/vol20/iss4/8/.
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Jordan, Paper. "From Shaman to Mystic in Ojibwa Religion," Studies in Religion, 9:2 (1980), 185-199.

Parker, Seymour. "The Wiitiko Psychosis in the Context of Ojibwa Personality," American Anthropologist, 62 (1960), pp. 603-623.

Paredes, J. Anthony. "A Case Study of 'Normal' Windigo," Anthropologica, 14:2 (1972), pp. 97-116.

Paredes, James Anthony. 1980. Anishinabe: 6 studies of modern Chippewa. Tallahassee: University Presses of Florida.

Paredes, J. Anthony. Anishinabe: 6 Studies of Modern Chippewa (University Presses of Florida, 1980), pp. 127-193.

Patterson, N.L. 1976, "Shaking Tents and Medicine Snakes: Traditional Elements in Contemporary Woodland Indian Art," Artmagazine (Canada), 7:28:52-57.

Phillips, Ruth B. “Zigzag and Spiral: Geometric Motifs in Great Lakes Indian Costume,” in Papers of the Fifteenth Algonquian Conference, ed. William Cowan (Ottawa: Carleton University, 1984), 409–24.

Powell, Ransom J. 1922. "'Wrinkled Meat' but 88 Years Old, U.S. Records Say." Minneapolis Journal, 15 February, p. 1.

Preston, Richard J. "The Witiko: Algonkian Knowledge and Whiteman Knowledge," in Manlike Monsters on Trial, edited by Marjorie M. Halpin and Michael M. Ames (Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1980), pp. 111-131.

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Radin, Paul. 1926. Crashing Thunder: The Autobiography of an American Indian. Oxford, England: Appleton.

Radin, Paul. "Ojibwa and ottawa Puberty Dreams," in Essays in Anthropology Presented to alfred L. Kroeber, (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1936, pp. 233-264).

"Ransom Judd Powell Papers." Minnesota Historical Society. Microfilm M-455, FAMILY  No. 58. Maquah Publications. Accessed November 4, 2018. https://www.maquah.net/genealogy/Powell/POWELL.58.html.

Reagan, Albert B. "The Flood Myth of the Chippewas," Indiana Academy of Science, Proceedings, 28 (1919), pp. 347-352.

Reagan, Albert B. "Some Games of the Bois Fort Ojibwa," American Anthropologist 21:3 (1919), pp. 264-278.

Reagan, Albert B. "Flood Myth of the Bois Fort Chippewas," Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions, 30 (1921), pp. 437-443.

Reagan, Albert B. “Medicine Songs of George Farmer,” American Anthropologist 24, no. 3 (1922): 332–69.

Reagan, Albert B. “Picture Writings of the Chippewa Indians,” Wisconsin Archaeologist 6 (1927): 80–83.

Reagan, Albert B. “The O-ge-che-dah or Head- Men Dance of the Bois Forte Indians,” Americana 28 (1934): 302–6.

Reagan, Albert B. “A Ritual Parchment and Certain Historical Charts of the Bois Fort Chippewa of Minnesota,” Americana 29 (1935): 228–44.

Rees, Albert, and Donald Jacobs. National Bureau of Economic Research. "The Cost-of-Living Index." Real Wages in Manufacturing, 1890-1914. Princeton University Press, 1961, pp. 74-119. Accessed 14 September 2018. http://www.nber.org/chapters/c2286.pdf.

Regguinti, Gordon. 1992. The Sacred Harvest: Ojibway Wild Rice Gathering. Minneapolis, MN: Lerner Publications Company.

Reid, A. P. "Religious Beliefs of the Ojibois or Sauteux Indians," Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, 3 (1874), pp. 106-113.

Ritzenthaler, Robert E. "The Building of a Chippewa Indian Birch-bark Canoe," Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee, Bulletin (1950), 19:2, pp. 53-99.

Ritzenthaler, Robert E. Chippewa Preoccupation with Health, Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee, Bulletin (1953), 19:4:175-257.

Robertson, Tom. “Squaw Lake Resists Name Change,” Minnesota Public Radio, April 30, 2001, http://news.minnesota.publicradio.org/features/200104/30_robertsont_squawlake-m/.)

Robertson, Tom. "American Indians prefer to reflect on their own history" [Cf. re Peter Graves]. MPRNews, 9 June 2008. Accessed 08 March 2018. https://www.mprnews.org/story/2008/06/06/redlakesesquicentennial.

Roddis, Louis H. 1919/1920. "The Last Indian Uprising in the United States." Publications of the Minnesota Historical Society, ed. by Solon J. Buck. Minnesota History Bulletin, 3:273-290.

Rohrl, Vivian J. “A Chippewa Funeral,” Wisconsin Archaeologist 48, no. 2 (June 1967): 137–40.

Rohrl, Vivian J. "The Drum Societies in a Southwestern Chippewa Community," Wisconsin Archaeologist, 49:3 (1968), pp. 131-137.

Rohrl, Vivian J. "A Nutritional Factor in Windigo Psychosis," American Anthropologist, 72:1 (1970), pp. 97-101.

Rohrl, Vivian J. "Some Observations on the Drum Society of Chippewa Indians," Ethnohistory, 19:3 (1972), pp. 219-225.

“Rosanna Catherine Payne,” Wikipedia, updated May 29, 2017, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosanna_Catherine_Payne.

Rottsolk, James E. 1960. Pines, Mines, and Lakes: The Story of ITASCA COUNTY, MINNESOTA. [Grand Rapids, MN??xxx]: Itasca County Historical Society.

Roufs, Timothy G. American Indian Oral History Collection, American Indian Oral History Collection, Vol. II, No. 21 -- Traditional Foods. (Paul Buffalo, et al. audiotape. Paul Buffalo discusses wild rice.) Dr. Joseph H. Cash, General Editor. New York: Clearwater Publishing Company, 1981. [UM DULUTH Library Multimedia PC 1203; see also microfiche collection]

Roufs, Timothy G. 2016. "Anishinabe Curing." Accessed 03 August 2018. http://www.d.umn.edu/cla/faculty/troufs/anth4616/PowerPoint/curing_paper9b.pptx.

Roufs, Timothy G. "Patrilineal Kinship." Accessed 31 July 2018. http://www.d.umn.edu/cla/faculty/troufs/anth1604/cakinship_patrilineal.html#title.

Roufs, Timothy G. 1967. Social Structure and Community Development: An Analysis of a Chippewa Case. Master's thesis, University of Minnetota.

Roufs, Timothy G. 1975. The Anishinabe of the Minnesota Chippewa Tribe, Phoenix: Indian Tribal Series. (Reprinted, 2013. Cass Lake, MN: Minnesota Chippewa Tribe.)

Roufs, Timothy G. 1976. “Early Indian Life in the Lake Superior Region,” in Duluth: Sketches of the Past, Ryck Lydecker, Lawrence J. Sommer, and Arthur Larsen (Eds.) Special Bicentennial Volume of Duluth’s Legacy Series, Duluth, Minnesota, 1976, (reprinted in The Minnesota Archaeologist, Vol. 37, No. 4, (November 1978) pp. 157-197.

Roufs, Timothy G. 1978. "Mississippi and Lake Superior Ojibwa: Reflections of Paul Buffalo," Timothy G. Roufs, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812 (15 June 1978).

Roufs, Timothy G. 1978. “Nature and the Concept of Power Among Lake Superior Ojibwa: Reflections of Paul Buffalo,” 16 pp., March 1978. Reprinted in two parts as “The Ojibwa Concept of Power,” Red River Valley Heritage Press, Red River Valley Historical Society, Vol. 4 (1981): pp. 8 ff.

Roufs, Timothy G., "Reminiscences of Paul Buffalo, Leech Lake Band of the Minnesota Chippewa Tribe, Parts I - XXII." University of South Dakota Indian Oral History Collections, Part II, No. 4, 1-243. Sanford, North Carolina: Microfilming Corporation of America, 1979.

Roufs, Timothy G. 1980. Social Structure and Community Development: An Analysis of a Chippewa Case. In Anishinabe: 6 Studies of Modern Chippewa, J. Anthony Paredes, 194- 241. Tallahassee: University Presses of Florida, 1980.

Roufs, Timothy G. 1980. Social Structure and Community Development: An Analysis of a Chippewa Case. In J. Anthony Paredes, Anishinabe: 6 Studies of Modern Chippewa (University Presses of Florida, 1980), pp. 194- 241.

Roufs, Timothy G. and Kathleen Smyth Roufs. 2014. Sweet Treats around the World, Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO.

Rue, Leonard Lee III. 2014. "Remembering the Outhouse: Fond, and not so fond, memories of the outhouse on the farm." Farm Collector, May 2014. Accessed 14 September 2018. https://www.farmcollector.com/farm-life/the-outhouse-zmrz14mayzbea.

Rynkiewich, Michael A. "Chippewa Powwows." In Anishinabe: 6 Studies of Modern Chippewa, edited by J. Anthony Paredes, 31-100. Tallahassee: University Presses of Florida, 1980.


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"The Sacraments of Healing." Catechism of the Catholic Church, 1422–1446. The Holy See ["The Vatican"]. Accessed 15 March 2019. http://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p2s2c2a4.htm

Schensul, Stephen L., J. Anthony Paredes and Pertti J. Pelto. "The Twilight Zone of Poverty:" A New Perspective on an Economically Depressed Area." Human Organization, Vol. 27, No. 1 (Spring 1968), pp. 30-40. Accessed 14 September 2018. https://www.jstor.org/stable/44124228?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Schoolcraft, Henry R. Archives of Aboriginal Knowledge. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott. (Reprinted and reissued numerous times under various titles. For index see F. S. Nichols, 1954.)

Seeley, Mark W. 2006. Minnesota Weather Almanac.  St. Paul, MN: Minnesota Historical Society Press, pp. 101-102.

Simms, S.C. “The Metawin Society of the Bungees or Swampy Indians of Lake Winnipeg,” Journal of American Folklore 19 (1906): 330–33.

“Sioux,” Wikipedia, updated July 25, 2018, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sioux.

Smith, John. 1921. Chief John Smith, A Leader of the Chippewa, Age 117 Years. His Life as Told by Himself. Being the Life Story of Chief John Smith as Narrated by Himself and Interpreted by His Adopted Son, Thomas E. Smith. Walker, MN: The Cass County Pioneer.

“SOLEMN REDMEN APPEAL AGAINST AGENCY MOVE Braves Don War Paint, Dance In Streets.”  The Ogden Standard-Examiner (Ogden, Utah), Thursday, March 31, 1938, p. 6. [Proposed move of the Indian Office from Cass Lake to Duluth.]

Slabbaert-Norrgard, Lorraine. A Gift to One, a Gift to Many / James Jackson, Sr., a video by Lorraine Slabbaert-Norrgard (60 min., 1992). (viewing guide)

Spavin, Don. Chippewa Dawn: Legends of an Indian People (Bloomington, MN: Voyageur Press, 1977).

add to ch 39 bib:

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Stanchfield, Daniel. 1901. "History of Pioneer Lumbering on the Upper Mississippi and Its Tributaries, with Biographic Sketches. A Personal Narration." Collections of the Minnesota Historical Society, 9:325-362

Schell, James Peery. 1911. In the Ojibway Country, A Story of Early Missions on the Minnesota Frontier. Walhalla, ND: C.E. Lee.

Schwarz, Herbert T. "Windigo, and Other Tales of the Ojibways," (Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1969).

Sicherman, Al. "xxxarticle on drying blueberries, " [Minneapolis] Star Tribune, Wednesday, July 6, 1988, 1T.

Smith, James G. E.. "Leadership Among the Southwestern Ojibwa," National Museums of Canada, Publications in Ethnology, 7 (Ottawa: National Museums of Canada, 1971).

Smith, James G. E. "Notes on the Wittiko," Papers of the Seventh Algonquian Conference, 1975, Edited by William Cowan, (Ottawa: Carleton University, 1976), pp. 18-38.

Smith, James G. E. "Termination of the Cross-Cousin Marriage Pattern Among the Southwestern Ojibwa," paper read at the 70th Annual Meeting of the American Anthropological Association, New York, 18-21 November 1971.

Smith, Huron H. "Ethnobotany of Ojibwe Indians." Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee. Vol. 4, No. 3, Pp. 327-525, Plates 46-77, May 2, 1932.

Sommer, Barbara. "Ojibwa Totems," Manuscript, (Duluth, MN, 1976), 39 pp.

Squier, E. G. "Manabozho and the Great Serpent," American Whig Review, n.s. 2 (1848), 392-398.

Stands in Timber, John, and Margot Liberty. 1998. Cheyenne Memories, Second Edition. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

Strong, William D. "Cross-Cousin Marriage and the Culture of the Northeastern Alquonkian," American Anthropologist, 31:2 (1929), pp. 277-288.

Sweet, G. W. "Incidents of the Threatened Outbreak of Hole-in-the-Day," Minnesota Historical Society, Collections, 6 (1894), 401-408.

Swift, Ivan. "Indian Legend of the Deluge," Michigan History Magazine, 23 (1939), 217-219.

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xxxcheck bib ref Tanner, John (Edwin James, ed.). 1830. Narratives of the Captivity and Adventures of John Tanner. New York: G and C and H Carvill.

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Vastokas, Joan M. "Interpreting Birch Bark Scrolls," Papers of the Fifteenth Algonquian Conference, 1983, ed. by William Cowan, (Ottawa: Carleton University, 1984); 425-444.

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Zapffe, Carl A. 1975. The Man who Lived in 3 Centuries: A Biographic Reconstruction of the Life of Kahbe nag wiwens, a Native Minnesotan. Brainerd, MN: Historic Heartland Association.

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