Terms / Concepts / Features

• ethnographic analogy
  
  
• shaman / shamanism (angokok)
  
  
  • shamanistic rituals relate mostly to hunting
    
    
  • "parallel worlds"
    
    
    • men, animals and spirits have always been one
    • in shamanistic societies people often believe in the idea of "parallel worlds"
    • the shaman enters the parallel worlds to obtain power
    • the underground world was seen as the spirits, the world of the supernatural
    • in the depth of the cave the shaman would enter the parallel world
    • the shaman would go into trance
      • shamanistic trance was the bridge between the conscious and unscious worlds
    • !Kung San shamanistic rituals are part of everyday life
    • for the Inuit every part of the animal has a purpose
      
      
• place names

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• "moderns" arrived in Europe 35,000 - 40,000 ybp
  
  
  • we begin to see evidence in terms of things like cave painting
  • they were beginnning to enter the wold of the supernatural
  • salon noir -- the black room (chamber)
  • we have composit figurines, half-animal, half-human
    
    
• "fossil words"
  
  
  • tend to be stable core words
    
    
  • first and second person pronouns
    
    
  • body parts
    
    
  • natural phenomena
    
    
  • Merritt Ruhlen
    
    
    • the world has about 5000 languages, divided into 400 families and 12 major groups
      
      
    • words go back 40,000 to 50,000 ybp in Africa

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• "the genealogy of Y-chromosomes"
  
  
  • are present only in males
    
    
  • are inherited father to son
    
    
• "genetic variation in humans today"
  
  
• Mousterian
  
  
  • Neandertal
    
    
• Upper Paleolithic (Upper "Old Stone Age")
  
  
  • population growth
  • personal ornamentation
    
    
• art
  • cave art
    
    
• language / linguistics
  
  
• tradition

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Notes

• As you watch this video compare its contents with "Ethnoarchaeology and Ethnographic Analogy" from Ch. 14 of the textbook
  
  
• Use the dates on the "Times to Remember" WebPage
  
  
• ca. 95,000 ybp a woman's skull was buried with a child
  
  
• "Economics, social organization, arts, religion, burial customs, they all existed in some form in 'The Stone Age' [the Paleolithic] and they still exist today."
  
  
• Note items of personal adornment and the social networks they represent
  
  
• the oldest burial with an offering comes from ca. 100,000 ybp
  
  
  • Qafze

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• Note cave art
  
  
• ". . . intiuition is linked to knowledge, knowledge to mind, and mind to language."
  
  
• "In short, we have entered a world where thought permeats everything, and this certainly is one of the legacies of Homo sapiens."

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Cultures

• Inuit (Siberian North America)
  
  
• Homo sapiens
  
  
  • "The one who knows"
    
    
• San (Khoisan; !Kung; "Bushmen"; Tsuntwasi)
  
  
  • y-chromosomes
    
    
    • chromosomes are oldest with the San "Bushmen" of Botswana and Namibia
      
      

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Sites

• Canadian Arctic
  
  
  • Inuit
    
    
• St. Petersburg, Russia
  
  
  • Siberian Peoples
    
    
  • Film Theatre of the Museum of the Russian People
    
    
    • "With antlers and bones you can make all sorts of things"
      
      
• southern France
  
  
  • Chauvet-Pont-d'Arc Cave
    
    
• U.S.A.
  
  
  • Stanford
  • Tempe, Arizona
    
    
• Middle East
  
  
  • Israel
    
    
• Africa
  
  
  • "Bushmen (Khoisan; !Kung; "Bushmen"; Tsuntwasi) Today"
    • Namibia
    • Botswana
    • Angola

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Individuals

• D’Anglure, Bernard Saladin (ethnologist)
  • Inuit
    
    
• Gorbatcheva, Valentina (ethnologist)
  • Museum of the Russian People
    
    
• Vassilév, Sergei (archaeologist)
  
  
• Clottes, Jean (prehistorian)
  • France
  • expert on prehistory
    
    
• Ruhlen, Merritt (linguist)
  • studying the origin of language
    
    
• Vandermeersch, Bernard (anthropologist)
  • Mideast
  • Israel
  • oldest burial offering that we know
    • 100,000 ybp
      
      
• Bruiel, L'abbe
  
  
• Hammer, Michael (geneticist)
  
  
• Wiessner, Polly (ethnologist / ethnoarchaeologist)
  • African !Kung San peoples

E-mail Address

• Films for the Humanities and Sciences: http://www.films.com/
  
  

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Question(s)

• "Where did Homo sapiens come from?"
  
  
• "How did they interpret their world?"
  
  
• "And what did they think and feel?"
  
  
• Were they anything like us?